Maritime waterways are critical transportation systems that connect economies and manufacturing centers. Growing demand for freight movement, along with industry commitment to minimize its environmental impact, has increased emphasis on port vessel efficiency. Yet, few objective performance measures exist inform decision making system improvements. There is an existing gap in quantifiable metri...

Numerical modeling has shown that carrier cooling and carrier heating strongly influence saturation dynamics and pulse shaping in bulk semiconductor absorbers. With no electric field in the absorbing region, carrier cooling leads to strong additional fast saturation of absorption. The saturation causes a substantial decrease in the saturation energies for subpicosecond pulses in comparison with...

Three-dimensional CFD studies of the mean airflow over various research ships and a generic tanker/bulk carrier have been performed. The bias in the wind speed measurements is highly dependent upon anemometer position and ship shape. Even for anemometers in well-exposed locations on research ships the wind speed may be biased by about 10 %. Anemometers located above the bridge of tankers/bulk c...

In(2)S(3)/ZnIn(2)S(4) bulk composite was successfully synthesized through an ion-exchange route using NaInS(2) as a precursor. Compared with the constituent pure component (In(2)S(3) or ZnIn(2)S(4)), the photocatalytic H(2) evolution of the composite was greatly enhanced because of the efficient separation and migration of photoexcited carriers (electrons and holes) at the interface of the bulk...

A new type of nonstoichiometric rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) film with around 15 at% oxygen vacancies homogeneously distributed throughout the bulk was prepared. The resultant films, when used as a photoelectrode, showed a photoelectrochemical water splitting activity 1.7 times that of stoichiometric TiO2 at a bias of 0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl. This is believed to result from the synergistic effect o...