Abstract Mass loss at the Greenland Ice Sheet is influenced by atmospheric processes controlling its surface mass balance, and submarine melt calving where glaciers terminate in fjords. There, an ice mélange – a composite matrix of calved bergs sea may provide buttressing force on glacier terminus control dynamics. Kangerlussuaq Glacier major outlet Sheet, for which recent retreat events 2004/2...

2-Amino-2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl [NOBIN (1); Fig. 1] was first prepared as a racemate by Kočovský in 1991 via oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol and 2-naphthylamine in MeOH using stoichiometric tert-butylamine/ copper(II) chloride1–3. Subsequently, a variant employing aqueous iron(III) chloride was reported4,5, and (±)-NOBIN has been prepared from (±)-BINOL (3; Fig. 1) by a Bucherer reaction6. ...

The configuration of one of the four isomers of 2-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylic acid (C8H1302N) has been determined to be (lR,2R,4S) by X-ray crystallography, utilizing anomalous scattering. The hydrobromide salt of this isomer, (-)-2-exo-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylic acid, cryst$lizes in space group P212121 with four molecules per unit cell of dimensions a = 6.986, b = 22.669, and c = 6.150 A. T...

Introduction: According to the canonical lunar magma ocean (LMO) model, ferroan anorthosites (FANs) were part of the lunar anorthosite crust formed via plagioclase flotation and subsequent solidification in a globally distributed LMO [1-4]. The solidification time for a globally distributed LMO is model dependent and ranges from 10 4-10 8 yrs [3,5,6]. At a given time during lunar crust formatio...

Determining a calving law valid for all glaciological and environmental regimes has proven to be a difficult problem in glaciology. For this reason, most models of the calving process are semiempirical, with little connection to the underlying fracture processes. In this study, I introduce methods rooted in statistical physics to show how calving laws, valid for any glaciological domain, can em...

[1] ICESat elevation profiles of tabular iceberg margins and the Ronne Ice Shelf edge reveal shapes indicative of two types of bending forces. Icebergs and shelf fronts in sea-ice-covered areas have broad ( 1000 m wide), rounded, 0.6 m high ‘berms’ and outer edges that slope down several meters toward the water. Bergs in warmer water have 2 to 5m ‘ramparts’ with 1500 m wide edge-parallel ‘moats...