Hydroxy acid, oxidation, bromine The oxidation of glycollic, lactic, a-hydroxybutyric, and 2-phenyllactic acids by aque­ ous bromine has been studied. The reaction is of first order with respect to the oxidant and the anion of the hydroxy acid respectively. The active oxidising species is molecular bromine. The oxidation of ci,a-dideuterioglycollic acid indicated a kinetic isotope effect, ^h /^...

Lithium-air batteries have been considered as ultimate solutions for the power source of long-range electrified transportation, but state-of-the-art prototypes still suffer from short cycle life, low efficiency and poor power output. Here, a lithium-bromine rechargeable fuel cell using highly concentrated bromine catholytes is demonstrated with comparable specific energy, improved power density...

In an environmentally benign solventless system, alcohols are rapidly oxidized to carbonyl compounds using hexamethylenetetramine-bromine on wet alumina under microwave irradiation.

The metabolism of bromine in marine brown algae remains poorly understood. This contrasts with the recent finding that the accumulation of iodide in the brown alga Laminaria serves the provision of an inorganic antioxidant - the first case documented from a living system. The aim of this study was to use an interdisciplinary array of techniques to study the chemical speciation, transformation, ...

We studied bromine and iodine adsorption on an Fe(100) surface in the temperature range of 110 K to 700 K. In this communication we compare core-level binding energies of dissociatively and molecularly adsorbed halogen species as a function of coverage. Our valence band photoemission data suggest that bromine and iodine adsorption at 300 K is always dissociative. At 110 K, initial dissociative ...

Hydrazine has been determined by its oxidation to nitrogen with a known excess of bromine. Bromine in acidic medium bleaches the dye methyl red. A known excess of bromine when treated with hydrazine is reduced to bromide and the unreacted bromine is determined using methyl red. The molar absorptivity is calculated to be 9.95 x10 L molcm. The method obeys Beer’s law in the range 0-6 μg of hydraz...

IN performing this test Knoop [1908] adds bromine water to the solution to be tested until there is just a very slight excess. On heating, the excess bromine disappears and in the presence of histidine a brownish red colour is developed; if the latter is in sufficient concentration a dark precipitate settles out. The solution to be tested should be slightly acid. The only substance other than h...

The packing motifs of 2and 3-chloropyridinium chloride can be interpreted in terms of classical hydrogen bonds N+-H-C1~ and non-classical C-H--C1“ interactions, with halogen-halogen contacts playing a subordinate role. In the corresponding bromine derivatives, BrBr interactions are much more important. Of the dihalo derivatives, 3,5-dichloropyridinium chloride crystallises with classical linear...

While theoretically feasible, estrogen receptor (ER)-directed radiotherapy of hormone-dependent cancers has not been realized because no ER-seeking ligand with an appropriate radiotoxic potential has been identified. Since an appropriate nuclide is a key component we studied the 4.4-h half-life, Auger electron-emitting nuclide bromine-80m. When incorporated into DNA this nuclide was radiotoxic ...

Introduction. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are chemicals that are added to polymers that are used in plastics, rubber, textiles and other materials to prevent fires. Similarly to other organic pollutants, BFRs have persistence and bioaccumulation potential in organisms. Recently, BFRs have become of increasing concern in environmental samples, due to the increase of the concentration of B...