This paper addresses the question of how the vertical structure of a product line relates to brand equity. Does the presence of “premium” or high-quality products in a product line enhance brand equity? Conversely, does the presence of “economy” or low-quality products in a product line diminish brand equity? Economists and marketing researchers refer to variation in quality levels of products ...

In several product categories, retailers have launched store brands to compete with national brands on both price and quality. Furthermore, in some of these categories, retailers have appointed a national brand manufacturer as category captain to help expand its sales in all quality tiers within the category. However, category captains may exhibit opportunistic behaviors and even diminish the c...

We study the impact of regulation on competition between brand-names and generics and pharmaceutical expenditures using a unique policy experiment in Norway, where reference pricing (RP) replaced price cap regulation in 2003 for a sub-sample of off-patent products. First, we construct a vertical differentiation model to analyze the impact of regulation on prices and market shares of brand-names...

Counterfeiting is a widely spread phenomenon and has seen rapid growth in recent years. In this paper, we adopt the standard vertical differentiation model and allow consumers the choices of purchasing an authentic product, purchasing a counterfeit, or not buying. We focus on how non-deceptive counterfeits, which consumers know at time of purchase that the products are counterfeits with certain...

Brand management has become increasingly important, given the rapid changes in the global market and the elevation of competition. A sound brand image creates clear product differentiation, consumer preference and loyalty. In the beginning, the entire market of Chinese mobile telephone was occupied by the foreign companies. This phase has continued over ten years until the beginning of 1999, wh...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between brand and competitive advantage (through differentiation) mediating effect positioning market orientation in relationship. An empirical study was developed using a quantitative methodological approach. object Portuguese exporting companies footwear industry, which questionnaire survey applied. results show that (1) has significant...

This paper presents an empirical examination of the relationship between brand equity and customer acquisition, retention, and profit margin, the key components of customer lifetime value (CLV), as well as the role of marketing in this relationship. We examine a unique database from the U.S. automobile market, comprised of 10 years of survey-based brand equity measures as well as acquisition ra...

The research paper aims to identify significant factors affecting towards the Social Media Marketing which can influence and affect the Brand Image of organizations in the hospitality sector. The identified factors include the following; 1. Positivity, 2. Consistency, 3. Differentiation, 4. Personality, and 5. Engagement Opportunities on Social Media. A framework was developed to highlight the ...

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) audiologists were surveyed regarding their perceptions and evaluations of hearing aid (HA) brands on seven factors previously published in peer-reviewed research as important to the HA brand preference decision of audiologists. One of the seven factors formed a distinct dimension of brand differentiation based on Contract Pricing (dimension 1). Brand percepti...

for companies operating in the age of convergence of the quality of the products, differentiation is inevitable. packaging as a differentiation tool can be a remedy in this way. one of the differentiating ways in packaging is to design a kind of packaging that possesses some aesthetic aspects by which the product and even the brand of it can be recognize. previous researches showed that having ...