According to the expensive brain hypothesis, periodic energy level determines mass. However, various environmental and biological factors directly or indirectly relevant intake have not been well studied. Here, we systematically examined how body mass, hibernation, diurnally, substrate use, diet individually synergistically determine mass in a large dataset of more than 1000 species. We found t...

A review of some implications of J.P. Rushton's 1988 and 1990 work on racial differences in brain mass (size or weight) suggests that his comments do not constitute a viable scientific theory.

we report a patient diagnosed with whipple's disease (wd) who presented only with neurological symptoms. neuroimaging (mri) showed lesions with marked mass effect similar to infiltrative tumors, which were hypersignal on long tr and hyposignal on short tr images, located in several areas of the brain. in serial controls, lesions resolved with gliosis and atrophic changes as well as migration of...

data is expected to be small, as the brain sizes of several adult specimens and their body masses are typically recorded, and thus the body mass range of individualbased body mass data is expected to approximate that of the averages of the literature. It is therefore not surprising that studies of body mass versus brain sizes have successfully used both literature-based [Isler and Van Schaik, 2...

brain hydatid cyst constitutes one of the leading causes of cranial mass in the endemic region, especially among the children. symptoms of the disease are associated with rising of intracranial pressure and focal neurological deficit. surgical excision of the cyst is essential to treatment. here we present a 19 yr-old male livings in ardabil, northwest of iran, referred to neurosurgery clinic i...

conceptually traumatic brain injury (tbi) can be classified from a mechanistic perspective as: 1) closed, 2) penetrating, 3) blast, and 4) crush injuries. thus, tbi is a heterogeneous disease and each type of brain injury has different characteristic features often necessitating different approaches to management. the first edition of the guidelines for management and prognosis of penetrating b...

How does the size of the glial and neuronal cells that compose brain tissue vary across brain structures and species? Our previous studies indicate that average neuronal size is highly variable, while average glial cell size is more constant. Measuring whole cell sizes in vivo, however, is a daunting task. Here we use chi-square minimization of the relationship between measured neuronal and gli...

Background: Astrocytes, which comprise ~90% of overall brain mass, are involved in brain immunity. These cells represent the non-professional class of CNS-resident APCs and may promote or inhibit CNS inflammation depending on the cytokines they secrete. IL-10 family of cytokines and their receptors, IL-20R1 and IL-20R2, may have a role in shifting astrocytes to a neuroprotective or neurodegener...

hydatidosis is a parasitic disease in all over the world which is caused by a cestode (tape worm). liver, lung, and brain are the most common involved organs and involvement of muscles and bones is unusual. we report a 32years old man who had low back and radicular leg pain. he had a paravertebral mass with involvement of spinal column. this patient was operated with differential diagnosis of t...

In the present study the brain mass to body mass ratio and external morphological features of the brain of Mobula japanica, Mobula thurstoni and Manta birostris (devilrays) are described. The Mobulids extended the upper boundary of the minimum convex polygon described earlier by other authors for batoids, which is plotted on a double logarithmic scale of brain to body mass, causing some change ...