Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative condition. It is characterized by the salient inflammatory features, microglial activation and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which contribute to the inflammatory states of the CNS. Accumulating data suggest the key role of inflammation in AD pathogenesis. In a prospective...

alzheimer is age-related, progressive brain degeneration disease. it destroys memory slowly. the number of people living with ad is increasing as fast as the count of aged population and extension of bad nutrition habits. the main cause of ad is not clearly known, but prior studies noted the importance of inflammation in tau hyperphosphorylation and failure of microglia to clear ab peptide accu...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of central nervous system. This demyelinating disease affects more than 2.3 million people world wild. Most of patients are young adult. There are many possible triggering factors including infections, toxin, immunization, trauma, sunlight exposure and hormonal variable in pathogenesis of MS. One of the important trigger is stress. There ...

the aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of co-administration of growthhormone-releasing peptide-2 (ghrp-2) and growth hormone (gh) on tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α),interleukin-6 (il-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) gene expression induced by lps in the mousebrain. thirty-five male nmri mice (25±5 g) were injected through the mouse tail vein with saline,...

Alzheimer is age-related, progressive brain degeneration disease. It destroys memory slowly. The number of people living with AD is increasing as fast as the count of aged population and extension of bad nutrition habits. The main cause of AD is not clearly known, but prior studies noted the importance of inflammation in Tau hyperphosphorylation and failure of microglia to clear AB peptide accu...

neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. neuroplasticity allows the neurons in the brain to compensate injury and disease and to adjust their activities in response to new situations or to changes in their environment. at the other side, it is now well established that neuronal function is strongly influenced by both cen...

optic neuritis an inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve inflammation is usually in young’s with symptoms of eye pain and vision loss that occurs is a common symptom of ms. optic neuritis is one of the first symptoms of ms that observable into disorders in white matter of cerebral cortex. the risk of ms in patients with optic neuritis during 2 years 20% in 15 years, 45-80% is calculated. ‏in ...

The microenvironment of the CNS (eye and brain) is fertile ground for infection if barriers are breached. result pathogen invasion often devastating destruction tissues. In eye, inflammation broadly classified either as “infectious” (i.e. caused by infection) or “non-infectious”. However, increasingly, forms intraocular (IOI), which clinically appear to be “non-infectious” turn out initiated in...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is defined as an external mechanical injury to the brain. neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of tbi. microglia and astrocytes play a central role in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. numerous pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) released by microglia. in ...