Leukoencephalopathy with Calcifications and Cysts (LCC) is a rare genetic microangiopathy exclusively affecting the central nervous system caused by biallelic mutations in SNORD118 . Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often diagnostic due to highly characteristic triad of leukoencephalopathy, intracranial calcifications, brain cysts. Age at onset, presentation disease evolution can all vary...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the prevalence of pineal cysts in autopsy series has been reported as being between 25% and 40%, MR studies have documented their frequency to range between 1.5% and 10.8%. The purpose of this high-resolution brain MR imaging study at 1.9T was to determine the prevalence of pineal cysts in healthy adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain MR images of 100 healthy you...

OBJECTIVE "Open" transcortical and transcallosal approaches allow gross total colloid cyst resection but require a wider surgical corridor through normal brain tissue compared with endoscopic techniques. Although the use of tubular retractor systems has been previously reported, the minimum required diameter size for the retractor tube has been approximately 16 to 22 mm. Our objective was to ex...

The remarkable evolution of surgical management of cerebral hydatidosis towards an earlier diagnosis and proper treatment is evident from this 22-year retrospective study of our experience with 19 cases seen at Shiraz University Medical Institutions. Both cases of iatrogenically-induced infected cysts were seen during the pre-CT era. The optimistic view of being able to remove all the cyst...

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that persists as a chronic infection. Toxoplasma evades immunity by forming tissue cysts, which reactivate to cause life-threatening disease during immune suppression. There is an urgent need to identify drugs capable of targeting these latent tissue cysts, which tend to form in the brain. We previously showed that translational control is critical duri...

Neurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. In the brain it occurs in two forms: parenchymal and extraparenchymal or racemose cysts. The clinical presentation of racemose cysts is pleomorphic, and is quite different from parenchymal cysticercosis. The clinical diagnosis of racemose cysts is quite challenging, wit...

hydatid disease has a worldwide spreading. the most common site of the disease is the liver, lungs, kidney, bones, and brain. splenic hydatid disease has been reported to constitute 2% to 6% of patients with abdominal hydatid disease. because of the rarity of splenic hydatid disease, the probable concomitance of the liver and splenic hydatid cysts should be taken into consideration by clinician...

BACKGROUND Computed tomography (CT) remains the standard neuroimaging screening exam for neurocysticercosis, and residual brain calcifications are the commonest finding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive than CT but is rarely available in endemic regions. Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay uses antibody detection for diagnosis confirmation; by contrast, enzym...

BACKGROUND The highly prevalent parasite Toxoplasma gondii reportedly manipulates rodent behavior to enhance the likelihood of transmission to its definitive cat host. The proximate mechanisms underlying this adaptive manipulation remain largely unclear, though a growing body of evidence suggests that the parasite-entrained dysregulation of dopamine metabolism plays a central role. Paradoxicall...