• Cerebral concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been used interchangeably, although the two terms have different definitions. • Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a more severe subtype of TBI than concussion or mild TBI. • In this review article, we reviewed the history of TAI in patients with concussion and mild TBI. Brain Neurorehabil. 2016 Sep;9(2):e1 https://doi.org/10.12786/...

Concussion is a physiological injury to the extremely complex and dynamic human brain. Individual variability adds to the challenge of concussion management, and sports medicine practitioners recently have begun to realize the need for an individualized approach. Adequately assessing an athlete with concussion requires consideration of many risk factors, including age, gender, and certain comor...

Sports-related concussion in adolescents is a major public health issue; however, little is known about the underlying changes in functional brain connectivity. We evaluated connectivity of resting-state brain networks to determine whether alterations in specific networks distinguish adolescents with sports-related concussion from a group of healthy, active control adolescents. Twelve adolescen...

Over the past decade, there has been a considerable increase in research on, and media attention to, sports-related concussion. However, despite accurate diagnosis, effective treatment and management of sports-related concussion have remained a challenge. There are approximately 1.8 million traumatic brain injuries in the United States annually (Faul et al., 2010) and emergency department pedia...

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with damage to frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Post-concussion syndrome has been used to describe a range of residual symptoms that persist 12 months or more after the injury, often despite a lack of evidence of brain abnormalities on MRI and CT scans. The core deficits of post-concussion syndrome are similar to those of ADHD and mood disord...

Until recently, there has been a lack of significance placed on concussion in association football, particularly mainstream media coverage. Contemporary incidents and research show that traumatic brain injuries, which may result

mild traumatic brain injury and can have serious consequences. Not just confined to high-profile athletes, concussions are frequent in all age groups and in a variety of settings, such as the work environment, motor vehicle crashes, sports and recreation, and falls at home among older people. Concussion is defined by the International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sports as “a complex p...

protocols. T he word “concussion” derives from the Latin concussus, which means to shake violently. Concussion was initially felt to involve only transient disturbance of brain function without gross structural change. It is now recognized that some concussions do involve structural damage with loss of neurons. Sports concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process af fecting the ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in boxing and other contact sports. The long term irreversible and progressive aftermath of TBI in boxers depicted as punch drunk syndrome was described almost a century ago and is now widely referred as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The short term sequelae of acute brain injury including subdural haematoma and catastrophic brain injury may lead ...

A concussion is a rare but potentially serious injury of football players. Thus, an immediate and valid diagnosis, estimate of severity and therapeutic management is required. To summarise the published information on management of concussion with respect to a safe return to play (RTP), a literature search was conducted. Current guidelines on concussion in sports and significant studies on conc...