this blinded, randomized experimental study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of adding epinephrine or xylazine to lidocaine solution for brachial plexus block (bpb) in sheep. nine healthy, fat-tailed female lambs (26.6 ± 1.5 kg) were randomly allocated into three groups: lidocaine 2%, 5 mg kg-1 (lid, n = 6), lidocaine (5 mg kg-1) with epinephrine 5 µg ml-1 (lidep, n = 6) or lidoca...

Primary tumors of the brachial plexus region are rare and granular cell tumors arising from the brachial plexus region is an extremely rare disease. We present a case of granular cell tumor arising from of the brachial plexus which appeared to be a usual presentation of nerve sheath tumor before the pathological confirmation. We report a granular cell tumor of the brachial plexus with literatur...

OBJECTIVE To identify the range of activities limited following adult traumatic brachial plexus injury and triangulate these with existing patient-reported outcome measures identified from the literature. DESIGN A qualitative cross-sectional design. SUBJECTS Adults with traumatic brachial plexus injury and expert clinicians. METHODS Using an International Classification of Functioning, Di...

OBJECTIVE The preferential use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) over conventional radiotherapy (CRT) in the treatment of head and neck cancer has raised concerns regarding dose to non-target tissue. The purpose of this study was to compare dose-volume characteristics with the brachial plexus between treatment plans generated by IMRT and CRT using several common treatment scenarios. ...

Effective brachial plexus blockade requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the plexus, as well as an appreciation of anatomic variations that may occur. This review summarizes relevant anatomy of the plexus, along with variations and anomalies that may affect nerve blocks conducted at these levels. The Medline, Cochrane Library, and PubMed electronic databases were searched in order...

While most often transient, brachial plexus birth injury can cause permanent neurologic injury. The major risk factors for brachial plexus birth injury are fetal macrosomia and shoulder dystocia. The degree of injury to the brachial plexus should be determined in the neonatal nursery, as those infants with the most severe injury--root avulsion--should be referred early for surgical evaluation s...

Our previous studies have demonstrated that some male patients suffering from brachial plexus injury, particularly brachial plexus root avulsion, show erectile dysfunction to varying degrees. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the erectile function after establishing brachial plexus root avulsion models with or without spinal cord injury in ...

he Brachial plexus constitute afferent motor and efferent sensory nerves supplying the upper extremities. It is situated in a very vulnerable T anatomical position between the neck and shoulder. Injury to this plexus, which is often due to traction, results in various degrees of motor and sensory deficit to the involved upper limb. This results in loss of function and its catastrophic consequen...

The axillary brachial plexus block is the most widely performed upper limb block. It is relatively simple to perform and one of the safest approaches to brachial plexus block. With the advent of ultrasound technology, there is a marked improvement in the success rate of the axillary block. This review will focus on the technique of ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block.

PURPOSE Although Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocols have proposed a limiting dose to the brachial plexus for patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer, essentially no recommendations exist for the delineation of this structure for treatment planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using anatomic texts, radiologic data, and magnetic resonance imaging, a stand...