Why do some opposition parties in hybrid regimes escalate their strategies of contention from parliamentary to election boycotts, while others not? Opposition engage with a repertoire extra-institutional strategies, including protests, parliamentary, and boycotts. These challenge the authoritarian dimension regime aim level electoral playing field, but boycotts strategy carries more risk than o...

Recent years have witnessed the revival of organised mass opposition to Apartheid. Fighting in the townships, labour unrest, classroom revolts, rent strikes, consumer boycotts, worker stayaways and guerilla warfare all these have become familiar features of South Africa's political landscape since 1976. From the inception of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in 1983, though, radical black oppos...