Location and shape of the terrestrial bow shock are analyzed using MAGION 4 (sub satellite of INTERBALL 1) crossings of this boundary and upstream solar wind parameters measured by the WIND spacecraft. Different crossing points were mapped to the Sun Earth line and to the terminator plane using an analytical model of the planetary bow shock previously developed for the Martian bow shock investi...

The bow influences a string performance in two principal ways: ( I ) by adding to the sound quality, primarily set by the violin body, and (2) by serving as the tool through which tones andphrases are formed. The influence on tone quality has been attributed to a modulation of either the relative velocity between bow and string, or the bow pressure, due to the resonances of the bow. New results...

Here we present an antenna-integrated QCL which can be actively and optically modulated using light in the near infrared, creating an optical nanocircuit – coupling two different frequency antennas with a nonlinear active switching element. For our design, we chose two cross-polarized bow-tie antennas with an aligned central spot. We have used detailed FDTD simulations to choose the length of e...

In this paper, we test the hypothesis proposed in a companion paper submitted to this conference (see [SS00]), namely that the playability of a bow stroke can be fully described by three parameters bow velocity, bow position and bow force. Moreover, the envelope of these parameters influences the quality of the attack. In this paper, we present a novel technique for measuring parameters of bowi...

A sensor has been developed which allows measurement of the force exerted by the bow on the string (bow force) during violin performance. The bow force is deduced from measurement of the transversal force at the termination of the bow hair at the frog. The principle is illustrated with an experiment that demonstrates how the bending of the stick and variations in bow hair tension influence the ...

Bow-tie or hourglass structure is a common architectural feature found in many biological systems. A bow-tie in a multi-layered structure occurs when intermediate layers have much fewer components than the input and output layers. Examples include metabolism where a handful of building blocks mediate between multiple input nutrients and multiple output biomass components, and signaling networks...

OBJECTIVE To compare the influence of outer bow length difference and unilateral outer bow expansion on the 'asymmetric effect' of the headgear. METHODS Twelve 3D finite element models of a headgear with two tubes were designed, which were similar except for the outer bow length or the degree of unilateral expansion in Solid-Works 2011. A 3N force was applied to the outer bow ends in ANSYS Wo...

The modal frequencies and bending mode shapes of a freely supported tapered violin bow are investigated by finite element analysis and direct measurement, with and without tensioned bow hair. Such computations are used with analytic models to model the admittance presented to the stretched bow hairs at the ends of the bow and to the string at the point of contact with the bow. Finite element co...

Experienced bow makers empirically know the influence of wood, tapering, and camber on the playing and tonal qualities of a bow. However, the way each parameter affects the bow mechanical behavior is not clearly established. An in-plane finite element model is developed to highlight the link between the adjustable design parameters and the mechanical behavior of a bow. This model takes into acc...

Some of the dynamic properties of violin bows have been studied. The normal modes of the bow stick and assembled bow, respectively, have been explored by modal analysis. Modefiequencies and damping ratios have been compared for a set of bows which had ratings rangzng fiom poor to excellent, assigned to them by professional players, and an attempt has been made to connect the modal properties wi...