Our objective was to determine the seroprevalence of Hypoderma spp. and to develop a spatial model describing the risk surface of warble-fly infection in Belgian cattle herds (adjusting for herd size, herd type, local temperature, rainfall, relative air humidity and land-cover). This survey was carried out in 390 selected herds of all types (dairy, mixed and beef) from December 1997 to March 19...

The etiology of sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL) is not known. Long-term monolayer cultures were made from calf (CLS), thymic (TLS) and skin (SLS) forms, and serological tests, electron microscopic observations and reverse transcriptase assays were employed for the detection of an etiological agent. Bovine leukosis virus (BLV) antigen and reverse transcriptase activities remained negative in cult...

Studies were performed on 26 cows, divided into 3 groups on the basis of serological (by immunodiffusion test) and haematological analyses for bovine leukosis: Group I seropositive without changes in haemogram; group II seropositive with changes in haemogram and group III (control) BLV negative. A statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of subclinical mastitis in cows...

Abstract Bovine leukosis is caused by an oncogenic virus of the genus Deltaretrovirus, causing losses associated with decreased production indicators and restrictions on exports cattle products. The disease has a prolonged incubation period between 1–5 years antibodies can be detected 2–3 weeks post infection. present asymptomatically, develop persistent lymphocytosis or lymphosarcoma. objectiv...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection induces bovine leukemia in cattle and causes significant financial harm to farmers and farm management. There is no effective therapy or vaccine; thus, the diagnosis and elimination of BLV-infected cattle are the most effective method to eradicate the infection. Clinical veterinarians need a simpler and more rapid method of diagnosing infection, because bot...

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus causing enormous economic losses in the global poultry industry. Although ALV-related research has lasted for more than a century, there are no vaccines to protect chickens from ALV infection. The interaction between chickens and ALV remains not fully understood especially with regard to the host immunity. The current review provides a...