Among vertebrate classes, fishes exhibit by far the greatest variability in competitive and cooperative behaviors in male reproduction. Scramble competition between reproductive males is one possibility. Another possibility occurs when resources, mates, or locations can be monopolized, in which case males may invest in primary access to fertilizations by adopting a "bourgeois" strategy, or they...

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), which can be plastic or fixed for life, may be characterized by distinct hormonal profiles. The relative plasticity hypothesis predicts flexible androgen regulation for adult males pursuing plastic tactics, but a less flexible regulation for males using a fixed tactic throughout life. Furthermore, androgen profiles may respond to changes in the social en...

male medical writers deplored quacks, empirics and popular ignorance, but she could also write in her persona as a woman of the ignorance of male medical expertise. Perkins, who is an expert on French literature, has integrated into her account recent work of social historians on medicine: on the medical market place, on patient-doctor relations, especially between women and medical practitione...

Bespreking van een boek Iwan Strauven

We contribute to research on the democratic role of middle classes. Our paper distinguishes between classes emerging autonomously during gradual capitalist development and those fabricated rapidly as part state-led modernization. To make case for a conceptual distinction these groups within one national setting, we employ author-assembled historical district data, survey, archival materials pre...