Social stimuli grab our attention. However, it has rarely been investigated how variations in attention affect the processing of social stimuli, although the answer could help us uncover details of social cognition processes such as action understanding. In the present study, we examined how changes to bottom-up attention affects neural EEG-responses associated with intentional action processin...

participatory conservation, as bottom-up management, is currently the most acceptable modelfor management of protected areas across the world. social context is a central issue in the sustainablemanagement of conservation areas. it is also crucial to introducing participatory conservation. the newapproach therefore recognizes rural communities as key partners in biodiversity management and seek...

use of nano-materials has increased in various aspects of human life. however, possible outbreak of nano-materials toxicity in humans and other organisms is one of the future challenges. different chemical precursors which are used in chemical approaches for production of nano-materials may have secondary and sometimes toxic effects in living organisms. these secondary effects may be reduced in...

Graph comprehension requires both bottom-up processing from the graph representation and top-down processing guided by knowledge and attitude. In the current study, we investigated which of the bottom-up process phases: extraction, interpretation, and decision: were affected by the top-down processing derived by the impressions and social attitudes. The experimental results showed that the top-...

The study assessed the auditory processing abilities and the cognitive skills in children with specific learning disability. It investigates the top-down or bottom-up influence on auditory processing. Using a test battery approach, the association between cognitive skills (verbal working memory and attention) and auditory processing abilities (auditory closure, binaural integration and temporal...

This paper addresses the issue of integrating top-down and bottom-up processing of information in modular hybrid systems. Backed by computational and neurological evidence, we show that there are important advantages to be gained from supporting bi-directional flow of information, especially in the context of intelligent information processing in real-world applications. We consider modular hyb...