Borneol and menthol are terpenes that are widely used as penetration enhancers in transdermal drug delivery. To explore their penetration-enhancement effects on hydrophilic drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was selected as a model drug. An approach that combined in vitro permeation studies and coarse-grained molecular dynamics was used to investigate their penetration-enhancement effect on 5-FU. The...

In total, 29 compounds from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) oil were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The five active components were D-camphor, linalool, cineole, α-terpineol, and L(-)-borneol. The effectiveness of A. annua oil, as well as d-camphor, linalool, cineole, α-terpineol, and L(-)-borneol, as fumigants, contact insecticides, and repellents, were tested on th...

Ginkgolides (GG), containing ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB) and ginkgolide C (GC), are mainly prescribed for ischemic stroke and cerebral infarction. However, the ginkgolides can hardly pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the brain. The purpose of this study was to prepare borneol-modified ginkgolides liposomes (GGB-LPs) to study whether borneol could enhance the transport of ginkgoli...

Borneol and menthol were two terpenes wildly used as penetrate enhancer in 14 transdermal drug delivery. To explore their penetration enhancement effect towards hydrophilic 15 drug, 5-FU was selected as model drug. A method combined vitro permeation studies and coarse 16 grain molecular dynamics was used to investigate their penetration enhancement effect towards 17 5-FU. As a result, although ...

CONTEXT The destabilization of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregates and the protection of functional cells are the attractive therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li (Lamiaceae) (SM) have attracted increasing attention for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE Salvianic borneol ester (SBE) is a n...

A gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous determination of natural borneol (NB) and its metabolite, camphor, in rat plasma. Following a single liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an HP-5MS capillary column (0.25 mm×30 m×0.25 μm) and analyzed by MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. Selected ion mon...

P450(cam) (CYP101A1) is a bacterial monooxygenase that is known to catalyze the oxidation of camphor, the first committed step in camphor degradation, with simultaneous reduction of oxygen (O2). We report that P450(cam) catalysis is controlled by oxygen levels: at high O2 concentration, P450(cam) catalyzes the known oxidation reaction, whereas at low O2 concentration the enzyme catalyzes the re...