Engel & Rogers (1996) find that crossing the US–Canada border can considerably raise relative price volatility and that exchange rate fluctuations explain about one-third of the volatility increase. Using a decomposition method, this study re-evaluates the border effect. It is shown that cross-country heterogeneity in price volatility can induce a bias in measuring the border effect unless prop...

We extend previously defined particle filters for lane detection by using a more general lane model supporting the use of two independent particle filters for detecting left and right lane borders separately, by combining multiple particles, traditionally used for identifying a winning particle in one image row, into one superparticle, and by using local linear regression for adjusting detected...

according to the contradictory reports of researchers, tillers may have positive or negative effect on wheat yield. thus, this study was conducted to investigate the role of tillers on wheat yield under two row spacing of 12.5 and 25 cm and four plant densities of 125, 250, 375 and 500 plants per m2, at gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources farm in anbare-ololum reign...

Row structure causes the anisotropy of microwave brightness temperature (TB) of soil surface, and it also can affect soil moisture retrieval accuracy when its influence is ignored in the inversion model. To study the effect of typical row structure on the retrieved soil moisture and evaluate if there is a need to introduce this effect into the inversion model, two ground-based experiments were ...

In an important paper, Charles Engel and John H. Rogers (1996) estimate the impact of an international border on price dispersion across US and Canadian cities. After controlling for distance and other factors, they conclude that the economic impact of the border between the United States and Canada is equivalent to shipping a good 75,000 miles (Engel and Rogers 1996, 1117, table 3). Numerous s...

to evaluate the competition effect of velvetleaf on cotton, an experiment was conducted in a completelyrandomized block design with split plot arrangement of treatments with three replications at experimentalstation of gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources during 2011 growingseason. the treatments were three row spacing (20, 40 and 80cm) of cotton (as main plot) and f...

in order to study the effect of row spacing and plant density on quantity and quality yield of soybean in weed competitive condition, a field experiment was carried out at research farm of yasuj agricultural college in summer of 2011. experiment arrangement was split factorial base on randomized complete block design with three replication. the main factor included weed ( in two levels of contr...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usage species with coloured roots root growth patterns during intercropping. Red beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Detroit), having clear red roots, used in a semi-field and field experiment allow identification quantification individual mixture. In experiment, strip intercropped lucerne (Medicago sativa Creno) kale (Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica), re...

Intercropping is regarded as an important agricultural practice to improve crop production and environmental quality in the regions with intensive agricultural production, e.g., northern China. To optimize agronomic advantage of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) intercropping system compared to monoculture of maize, two sequential experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was to s...