CONTEXT Although embolism and low-flow phenomenon are the 2 main mechanisms of stroke in internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive disease, the mechanism of border-zone infarction remains controversial. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can more easily detect small or multiple ischemic lesions than conventional imaging. OBJECTIVES To investigate the ischemic lesion patterns on DWI and to discuss...

We describe an expedient way to derive the CIV-DV prepotential in power series expansion in Si. This is based on integrations of equations for its derivatives ∂F/∂Tm with respect to additional (Whitham) moduli Tm. For illustrative purposes, we calculate explicitly the leading terms of the expansion and explicitly check some components of the WDVV equations to the leading order. Extension to any...

BACKGROUND In 2008, a program to eradicate bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) in cattle in Switzerland was initiated. After targeted elimination of persistently infected animals that represent the main virus reservoir, the absence of BVD is surveilled serologically since 2012. In view of steadily decreasing pestivirus seroprevalence in the cattle population, the susceptibility for (re-) infection by b...

Approximately 3,000 Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) died in northeastern Spain during 2005-2007. Border disease virus infection was identified by reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing analysis. These results implicate this virus as the primary cause of death, similar to findings in the previous epizootic in 2001.

In Egypt, bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) was initially detected as the result of a serological survey of cattle and sheep, using the serum neutralisation test. In 1970, the causal pestivirus was isolated from bovine calves and buffalo calves with pneumonia and enteritis. Mixed viral infections were also prevalent. Cases of immune tolerance were identified. The Egyptian industry...

Introduction International borders present unique challenges for the surveillance of infectious disease. Border communities represent locations with vast differences in cultures and languages, governing institutions, healthcare access, and priorities for the collection and surveillance of disease data. Pathogens and the health and security risks they create do not respect geographical and polit...

BACKGROUND The precise etiology of border zone infarcts is controversial. Hemodynamic impairment due to obstructive disease of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is suggested as a cause of border zone infarcts. OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in prevalence and volume of ischemic border zone lesions over time in patients with occlusive disease of the ICA after 1 year of follow-up. DESIGN Fol...

Introduction In response to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the Early Warning Infectious Disease Surveillance Program (EWIDS) Office of Binational Border Health in the California Department of Public Health sought to strengthen outpatient ILI surveillance along the CA/BC border by creating the first binational influenza surveillance network in the region. The establishment of this network was crucial f...

OBJECTIVE The region on the United States (US) side of the US-Mexico border consists of 44 counties in four states; populations on both sides of the border have similar health problems. Healthy Border 2010: An Agenda for Improving Health on the US-Mexico Border (HB 2010) is a binational agenda of health promotion and disease prevention for individuals in the region. This study reports on the he...