Many plant species in temperate climate regions require vernalization over winter to initiate flowering. Flowering Locus C (FLC) and FLC-like genes are key regulators of vernalization requirement and growth habit in winter-annual and perennial Brassicaceae. In the biennial crop species Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris in the evolutionarily distant Caryophyllales clade of core eudicots growth habit a...

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) at the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL) is conducting research to reduce the noise exposures of roof bolting machine operators and to prevent additional cases of Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) thru the development of engineering noise controls. This paper describes and evaluates an engineering noise control for the roof bo...

Ethylene is a major plant hormone that plays an important role in regulating bolting, although the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we report the novel finding that the serine-62 (Ser-62) phosphorylation of Ethylene Response Factor110 (ERF110) is involved in the regulation of bolting time. The gene expression and posttranslational modification (phosphorylati...

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the important vegetable crops in the world, usually with a two-year life cycle. The bulbs form in the first year after sowing, then bolting and flowering are induced by low temperature in the following year. Previous studies have shown that LEAFY gene is an inflorescence tissue specific gene, and that it is also the ultimate collection channel of all flowering p...

in order to determine the optimum sowing and harvesting dates of two autumn sugar beet cultivars (bete vulgaris l.) and develop the planting area of this crop, the present research was conducted in fasa, iran during 2005-2008. the experiment was carried out in split-split plots based on randomized complete block design (rcbd) with four replications. three sowing dates (september 27, october 17 ...

Maintenance of garlic (Allium sativum L.) genetic resources has had a long tradition in the Czech Republic. The collection was founded in 1951 and its current holder is the Crop Research Institute, Department of Vegetables and Special Crops in Olomouc. The collection consists of 613 genotypes. The oldest genotype was acquired in 1954. The collection has been evaluated according to the Descripto...

this research was carried at the university of reading in 1999. the aim was to estimate the effects of 18 hd-1 (long-day, ld) and 12 hd-1 (short-day, sd) light exposure duration of plants before bolting or flowering on time to bolt and flower in two bolting susceptible (bsg, ic1) and bolting resistant (brg, saxon) genotypes of sugar beet. so, two experiments were conducted. the experiments were...

by Philip Ebert & Simon Robertson forthcoming in M. McNamee (ed) Philosophy, Risk and Adventure Sports, Routledge In this paper we examine a recent version of an old controversy within climbing ethics. Our organising topic is the ‘bolting’ of climbing routes, in particular the increasing bolting of routes in those wilderness areas climbing traditionalists have customarily believed should remain...

Leaves are the major biomass-producing organs in herbaceous plants and mainly develop during vegetative stage by activities of shoot apical meristem. There is a strong correlation between leaf number and bolting, a characteristic phenotype during the transition to reproductive phase in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to study interactions between leaf number and bolting, we isolated a Landsberg ...

this research was designed to identify garlic (allium sativum l.) bolting clones and determining the relationship between their morphological traits and bolting capacity by using statistical methods of analysis of variance, comparison of means, correlation coefficients, factor analysis, stepwise regression, path analysis and cluster analysis. traits including flowering ability, number, length a...