Blanket bog occupies approximately 6 % of the area of the UK today. The Holocene expansion of this hyperoceanic biome has previously been explained as a consequence of Neolithic forest clearance. However, the present distribution of blanket bog in Great Britain can be predicted accurately with a simple model (PeatStash) based on summer temperature and moisture index thresholds, and the same mod...

The main objectives of this study were to uncover the pathways used for methanogenesis in three different boreal peatland ecosystems and to describe the methanogenic populations involved. The mesotrophic fen had the lowest proportion of CH4 produced from H2-CO2. The oligotrophic fen was the most hydrogenotrophic, followed by the ombrotrophic bog. Each site was characterized by a specific group ...

The bogs in Northern Michigan are unusual ecosystems that contain a thick layer of peat that separates the surface vegetation from the nutrient-rich groundwater below it. Because of the thick layer of peat, nutrient-poor rain is the sole source of water for the surface vegetation, which allows the bog to stay nutrient-poor. In order to measure nutrient dynamics throughout bogs, we decided to in...

We initiated a multi-factor global change experiment to explore the effects of infrared heat loading (HT) and water table level (WL) treatment on soil temperature (T) in bog and fen peatland mesocosms. We found that the temperature varied highly by year, month, peatland type, soil depth, HT and WL manipulations. The highest effect of HT on the temperature at 25 cm depth was found in June for th...

Since the late 1990s there has been an increasing discussion over the ‘rights of the dead’ and the ethics of storing and displaying human remains in British museums, and academics and museum professionals have questioned what should be done with them when they are discovered (e.g. Bahn 1984; Parker Pearson 1999, ch. 8; Swain 2002; Curtis 2003; Sanders 2009, 183–7; Alberti et al. 2009; Sayer 201...

Elemental analyses (H, N, C, O, S), bulk isotope analyses (C, N) and C content of pyrolysis products from Sphagnum moss, underlying peat from a bog and the bog water (Hohlohsee, Black Forest, Germany) were performed to identify humi®cation processes in the early diagenesis of peat formation and to determine the origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the bog lake. Atomic ratios of bulk elem...

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAPs) are photoheterotrophic prokaryotes that are widespread in many limnic and marine environments. So far, little is known about their distribution in peat-bog lakes. Seventeen peat-bog lakes were sampled during three summer seasons 2009, 2011, and 2012, and the vertical distribution of AAPs was determined by infrared epifluorescence microscopy. The analysis de...

BOG (Bacterium and virus analysis of Orthologous Groups) is a package for identifying groups of differentially regulated genes in the light of gene functions for various virus and bacteria genomes. It is designed to identify Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) that are enriched among genes that have gone through significant changes under different conditions. This would contribute to the dete...

During transportation, there will be vaporization of LNG producing boil-off gas (BOG) and its re-liquefaction is required considering that large volume of BOG to be vented out. A cryogenic refrigeration cycle is utilized in order to re-liquefy the BOG and returns it to the cargo tank. Kapitza and claude are the usually used LNG re-liquefaction cycles. The developments in the processes adopted f...