Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage is a routinely used adjunct to thoracoabdominal aortic surgery which may reduce the incidence of preoperative paraplegia by improving spinal cord perfusion. However, this procedure infrequently causes complications. Bloody or bloody-tinged CSF may be associated with intracranial or spinal hematoma. We present herein a case of bloody CSF during the replacement ...

bloody nipple discharge in infancy has rarely been reported in medical literature. we report a 7 month-old female infant with a one month history of bilateral nipple discharge. endocrinologic and hematological workups were within normal limits. breast ultrasonography showed two non-echogenic cystic areas in each breast. the problem resolved after a period of observation. this is a benign condit...

strongyloidiasis disease caused by the strongyloidesstercoralis nematode .this disease mainly affects the intestines. sometimes the symptoms were similar to inflammatory bowel disease which may lead to misdiagnosis and lack of effective treatment. a 46-year-old male patient who complained of occasional diarrhea, sometimes with blood, about two months ago consulted with  an internist. he had col...

Bloody CSF in the lumbar puncture study is not uncommon. The etiology of bloody CSF is complex and needs to be carefully evaluated. This article will focus on (1) differentiation between causes from pathological conditions and traumatic puncture; (2) to ensure if the blooding has stopped or not, and if there is a rebleeding; (3) to estimate the amount of bleeding; and (4) to evaluate the number...

Bloody tear is a rare and distinct clinic phenomenon. We report a case presenting with the complaint of recurrent episodes of bilateral bloody tearing. A 16-year-old girl presented to our clinic with complaint of bloody tearing in both eyes for 3 months. Bloody tearing was not associated with her menses. A blood-stained discharge from the punctum was not observed during the compression of both ...