Defensive mechanisms in blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) include a wide variety of behavioral responses, chemical defense, and conspicuous external colorations. Although some these have been previously described, proctodeal extrusion, defensive behavior involving the extrusion inner abdominal membranes from region which appear intensely red or orange colored when hemolymph is seen through...

Walnut is an important crop that widely grown for its edible nuts, timber, and other commercial uses. pests can cause significant damage to the trees reduce quality quantity of crop. blister beetles walnut trees, especially during early stages fruit development. The data generated on incidence severity revealed E. erinea commenced from 13th standard meteorological week (SMW) with mean 1.2 per l...

Background: Surgical treatments of vitiligo are punch grafting, blister grafting, flip-top transplantation, split skin grafting, etc aiming at rebuilding of melanocytic population in those patients who do not respond to medical treatment . The objective of this study was determination of efficacy of blister grafting technique in the treatment of vitiligo. Methods: This study was done on 10 pati...

Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) plays an integral role in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). It has been often referred to as a keystone species due to the extensive changes that the ecosystem would undergo if the species were to be lost. Attributed to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection and mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae), the decline of the whitebar...

There are recent faunistic surveys of selected insect taxa (e.g. Mutillidae, Scarabaeoidea, and Tenebrionidae) in Wisconsin but a formal investigation of the Meloidae (blister beetles) is lacking. The blister beetle fauna of several states has been published, but this study represents the first in the Midwestern United States. We provide a comprehensive list of all meloid species documented fro...

Climate suitability is projected to decline for many subalpine species, raising questions about managing species under a deteriorating climate. Whitebark pine (WBP) (Pinus albicaulis) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) crystalizes the challenges that natural resource managers of many high mountain ecosystems will likely face in the coming decades. We review the system of interactions am...