Rapidly declining gasoline prices from their record high during the summer of 2008, while ethanol prices remained relatively high, made it difficult for many bio-fuel policy modelers to fully explain the impacts of U.S. bio-fuel policies on fuel prices. Using profitmaximization models for blenders, refiners, and distillers, we conduct a comparative static analysis to measure the relative magnit...

in this paper, the effect of bioethanol- gasoline fuel blends on exhaust emissions of a four-cylinder spark ignition (si) engine was investigated experimentally. pure gasoline fuel was blended with various percentages of bioethanol (0, 20, 40, 60 and 85%), and the hc, co, co2 and nox exhaust emissions were measured at different engine speeds and two throttle valve positions (full throttle and 5...

Experimentation about alternative fuels started mostly after the oil crisis of 1980’s to 1990’s after the World War II. In order to reduce the use of petroleum product which are limited in nature, the idea of alternative fuels was developed. In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate the engine performance in a four stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine using pure diesel ...

In order to solve energy crisis, the search for alternative fuel is extensively important. Alternative fuels selected should be renewable, sustainable and eco-friendly. In India, kerosene is also used as a fuel in cooking stove. Kerosene contains impurities like sulphur, aromatics and hydrocarbons, which causes environmental degradation. In this experimental investigation, blends of ethanol and...

This paper investigates the opportunity of using almond oil as a renewable and alternative fuel source. Different fuel blends containing 10, 30, and 50% almond biodiesel (B10, B30, and B50) with diesel fuel (B0) were prepared and the influence of these blends on emissions and some performance parameters under various load conditions were inspected using a diesel engine. Measured engine performa...

Background Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) is pipeline quality gas that is fully interchangeable with fossil natural gas but is produced from a renewable feedstock and can be used as a 100% substitute for, or blended with, conventional natural gas streams [1]. RNG is an important alternative fuel that can help the State of California meet several GHG and renewable energy targets. As a transportatio...

Vegetable oils are renewable in nature and can be directly used as fuels in diesel engines. However, their high viscosity and poor volatility lead to reduced thermal efficiency and increased hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions. Transesterification is one of the methods by which viscosity could be drastically reduced and the fuel could be adopted for use in diesel engine. This Ester...

As an alternative fuel biodiesel can be played an important role to meet the future energy demand. Biodiesels have lot of good advantages over diesel which attract the users to use it as the substitute of diesel. It has huge biodegradability, less environmental impact, higher flash point and cetane number, higher lubricity and so on. However, for the widespread practical applicability of biodie...

biofuels are playing important role in recent decades as substitutes for petro diesel. biodiesel derived from vegetable oils are found to give comparable performance and emission characteristics. in this paper a comparative study has been done between two fuels combinations i.e. jatropha and castor. the biodiesel was prepared from neat oils and blends of biodiesel (up till 20%) were prepared wi...

This paper presents a brief review on the current status of biodiesel production and its performance and emission characteristics as compression ignition engine fuel. This study is based on the reports on biodiesel fuel published in the current literature by different researchers. Biodiesel can be produced from crude vegetable oil, non-edible oil, waste frying oil, animal tallow and also from a...