Many applications of computer-aided verification require bit-precise reasoning as provided by Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers for the theory of quantifier-free fixed-size bit-vectors. The current state-of-the-art in solving bit-vector formulas in SMT relies on bit-blasting, where a given formula is eagerly translated into propositional logic (SAT) and handed to an underlying SAT so...

This study investigated the feasibility of the micro powder blasting technique for the micro fabrication of sensor structures using the Pyrex glass to replace the existing silicon-based acceleration sensor fabrication processes. As the preliminary experiments, the effects of the blasting pressure, the mass flow rate of abrasive and the number of nozzle scanning times on erosion depth of the Pyr...

Exotic semiring constraints arise in a variety of applications and in particular in the context of automated termination analysis. We propose two techniques to solve such constraints: (a) to model them using Boolean functions and integer linear arithmetic and solve them using an SMT solver (QF LIA, in certain cases also QF IDL); and (b) to seek finite domain solutions by applying unary bit-blas...

Underground mining becomes more efficient due to the technological advancements of drilling and blasting methods and the developing of highly productive mining methods that facilitate easier access to ore. In the perspective of maximizing productivity in underground mining by drilling and blasting methods, overbreak control is an essential component. The causing factors of overbreak can simply ...

Environmentally Safe and Effective Processes for Paint Removal Paint stripping and repainting of aircraft surfaces arc requircd periodically during thc operating lifetime of an aircraft. Historically, paint removal has been achieved using chemical strippers, involving materials which contain toxic components and which create hazardous working conditions. The process generates large amounts of h...

Dry-ice particle blasting is similar to sand blasting, plastic bead blasting, or soda blasting where a media is accelerated in a pressurized air stream (or other inert gas) to impact the surface to be cleaned or prepared. With dry-ice blasting, the media that impacts the surface is solid carbon dioxide (CO2) particles. One unique aspect of using dry-ice particles as a blast media is that the pa...

Exposure data on biocides are relatively rare in published literature, especially for secondary exposure. This is also the case for antifouling exposure. Therefore, a field study was carried out measuring exposure to antifouling paints. Both primary exposure (rolling and spraying) and secondary exposure (during sand blasting) were studied. Exposure during rolling was measured in boatyards where...

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of grit blasting, chemical treatment, and application of alloy primer combinations on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a self-cure resin cement to titanium surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty cast commercially pure titanium discs (9 mm × 2 mm) were divided into five groups (n = 10), which received the following surfa...

Safety-critical systems rely on various forms of machine arithmetic to perform their tasks: integer arithmetic, fixed-point arithmetic or floating-point arithmetic. Machine arithmetic can exhibit subtle differences in behavior compared to the ideal mathematical arithmetic, due to fixed-size of representation in memory. Failure of safety-critical systems is unacceptable, because it can cost live...