In the south Sumatra region of Indonesia, tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and humpbuck grouper, Cromileptes altivelis, are commercially important fish species. Recently, however, mass mortalities of the two species have occurred in the region and the cause of these mortalities has not been clarified. We surveyed the distribution of fish viruses including viral nervous necrosis virus (...

Plastic waste in the oceans is a growing concern due to its size diversity, ubiquitous nature and impact on both marine organisms ecosystems. While threatened by this plastic litter, aquaculture industries also represent one of major sources. In French Polynesia, black-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) farming no exception. Wild spat collection has been described as source pollution bec...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in prevalence of the different categories of facial cleft deformities between the white and black patients in a database of 2806 cleft cases at the University of Pretoria. No variation of clefts between these two groups has ever been compared previously. For this purpose, the clefts were classified according to the system descr...

Hiroshima Bays is top production approximately 60% of oyster in Japan. For cultivate oyster, fishermen use hanging rafts. A thousand raft during 2-3 years the bay. Large-scale culture may change ecosystem structure and material cycles bay through filtration particulate matter by oysters other associated animals. This study described community marine organisme terms fishes surrounding animal att...

BACKGROUND Oyster norovirus outbreaks often pose high risks to human health. However, little is known about environmental factors controlling the outbreaks, and little can be done to prevent the outbreaks because they are generally considered to be unpredictable. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a mathematical model for predicting risks of oyster norovirus outbreaks using environmental predicto...