AIMS Biventricular (BiV) pacing and left univentricular (LUV) pacing can each produce clinical benefits in heart failure. The impact of modern refinements in pacing optimization on the relative benefits of these two modes is unknown. We aimed to compare these two modes in patients with heart failure, using Echo-based optimization of each pacing mode. METHODS AND RESULTS Paired data were colle...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a killed oral cholera vaccine produced in Viet Nam, and to compare the Vietnamese vaccine with one that is licensed internationally. METHOD Two-dose regimens of a locally produced, bivalent, anti-O1, anti-O139 killed oral whole-cell cholera vaccine (biv-WC) and of a commercially available, monovalent (anti-O1) oral recombinant B subunit-killed whole-cell cholera vaccine ...

BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy has emerged as an important therapy for advanced systolic heart failure. Among available cardiac resynchronization therapy pacing modes that restore ventricular synchrony, it is uncertain whether simultaneous biventricular (BiV), sequential BiV, or left ventricular (LV) pacing is superior. The Device Evaluation of CONTAK RENEWAL 2 and EASYTRAK 2: Ass...

A cDNA clone of the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) trans-activator gene (tat) was identified and characterized. The tat cDNA clone was generated by splicing, and on the basis of sequence analysis, the Tat protein was found to be encoded entirely by the first exon. It is 103 amino acids in size and shares sequence homology with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat. The BIV tat cl...

BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) pacing alone may theoretically avoid deleterious effects of right ventricular pacing. METHODS AND RESULTS In a multicenter, double-blind, crossover trial, we compared the effects of LV and biventricular (BiV) pacing on exercise tolerance and LV remodeling in patients with an LV ejection fraction ≤35%, QRS ≥120 milliseconds, and symptoms of heart failure. A tot...

INTRODUCTION Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) have worldwide distributions, but their prevalences in Iran are unknown. We investigated the presence of infections in Iranian Holstein cattle and determined changes in hematological values for infected animals. METHODOLOGY Nested PCR was used on blood samples from 143 animals Holstein cattle to detect proviral B...

A 120-amino-acid polypeptide selected from the transmembrane protein region (tTM) and the major capsid protein p26 of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) were expressed as fusion proteins from recombinant baculoviruses. The antigenic reactivity of both recombinant fusion proteins was confirmed by Western blot with bovine and rabbit antisera to BIV. BIV-negative bovine sera and animal sera ...

BACKGROUND Biventricular (BiV) pacing is the most common mode of delivering cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, initial clinical studies have indicated that left ventricular (LV) pacing is not inferior to BiV pacing. This study was conducted to address whether LV only pacing can provide the same hemodynamic response as BiV pacing. METHODS This before-after clinical trial was con...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat protein binds specifically to an RNA hairpin, TAR, located at the 5' end of its mRNA. Tat uses a single arginine residue within a short region of basic amino acids to recognize a bulge region in TAR. Here we show that a 17 amino acid arginine-rich peptide from the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) Tat protein also binds to an RNA hairpin at the 5' en...

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) using biventricular (BIV) pacing has proved its effectiveness to correct myocardial asynchrony and improve clinical status of patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) and widened QRS. Despite a different effect on left ventricular electrical dispersion, left univentricular (LV) pacing is able to achieve the same mechanical synchronisation as BI...