Common-path in-line shearing interferometry, combined with pixel-array imaging, provides a surface metrology that achieves 15 pm surface height resolution. An eighth-wave thermal oxide on silicon generates a reference wave locked in the condition of phase quadrature for phase-to-intensity conversion that makes surface height or index variations directly detectable by an imaging system. The scal...

The variable visual acuity nature of human vision across fovea and periphery prompted the need to study the differential magnification method as compared with the traditional linear magnification. With differential magnification, outer-area objects were magnified at a level higher than the inner-area objects. An application software was specially developed by the authors previously for the exam...

The variable visual acuity nature of human vision across fovea and periphery prompted the need to study the differential magnification method as compared with the traditional linear magnification. With differential magnification, outer-area objects were magnified at a level higher than the inner-area objects. An application software was specially developed by the authors previously for the exam...

A blurry background due to shallow depth of field is often desired for photographs such as portraits, but, unfortunately, small point-and-shoot cameras do not permit enough defocus because of the small diameter of their lenses. We present an image-processing technique that increases the defocus in an image to simulate the shallow depth of field of a lens with a larger aperture. Our technique es...

introduction: variable resolution x-ray (vrx) ct is a new type of ct that can image objects at various spatial resolutions. in a vrx ct scanner, the spatial resolution increases at the cost of reduction in the field of view (fov). an important factor that limits the spatial resolution of the vrx ct is the effect of focal spot size. also, the optimum magnification is different at each incident a...