Euphorbiaceae is a family of plant spread in all parts of the world except very cold regions. The genus Euphorbia consists of over eighty-two species grown wildly in Iran. Some of Euphorbia species are used in the treatment cancer and tumors in different countries. The genus Euphorbia has been the source of a large number of biological active compounds. In this study petroleum ether, ether, eth...

Euphorbiaceae is a family of plant spread in all parts of the world except very cold regions. The genus Euphorbia consists of over eighty-two species grown wildly in Iran. Some of Euphorbia species are used in the treatment cancer and tumors in different countries. The genus Euphorbia has been the source of a large number of biological active compounds. In this study petroleum ether, ether, eth...

death is something real which is fully accepted by human being, the definition of death is different among public and scientists such as philosophy experts and biologists. here we leave the philosophy content to themselves and look at the death from the biological point of view which may be some kind of philosophy as well. in biological science the death is well defined so it is the end of life...

Recently, it has been proven that cartilage healing is difficult. The most commonly used treatments are autogenously cartilage grafting and allogeneic bone grafting, but grafts cannot fully meet treatment goals because of source, price, safety, and other concerns. Thus, a combination of biological materials and tissue engineering technology has become a recent trend in studies. Among the studie...

Nowadays, growing interest in the application of nanotechnology in biomedical and biotechnological fields has opened a new avenue to explore the nanoparticles-biological system interaction. Indeed, a clear gap is still in the cytotoxic effect of NPs on the biological systems. For this purpose, the interaction of the silica oxide nanoparticles (SiO2-NP) with PC12 cell line, as a model of nervous...

Improving the solubility of non-soluble herbal materials is an issue of interest in cell culture based experiments. Evaluating the biological activity of these materials could become possible with the aid of cosolvents/surfactants which obviously should have little or no cytotoxic activity. In the present study, the cytotoxic activity of six cosolvents/surfactants: ethanol, methanol, Tween 20 a...

mycoplasma and ureaplasma species are the most serious contaminants of cell cultures and this remains one of the major problem encountered in biological research using cell cultures. the aim of this study was to investigate the rate of mycoplasma and a total of 100 different cell culture specimens including, r228, hela, vero, mdck, l20, rd and hep2 were collected. then the specimens were invest...

Surface layer as the outer protective coverage of bacteria and archaea are two-dimensional crystalline and symmetrical arrays of proteins that recently attract a lot of attention for biologist scientists. The surface layers of bacteria are usually 5 to 10 nm in diameter and represent highly porous protein lattices with uniform size and morphology with the pore sizes of 2 to 8 nm. The crucial an...