Understanding and improving the durability of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in the field is critical for the success of malaria prevention using mosquito nets, as well as contributing to procurement decisions based on the number of years of protection, rather than the current practice of unit cost. Using the recently published guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) some pr...

Entomopathogenic fungi are fungi pathogenic to insects and are widely used as biocontrol agents for insect pests. The aim of this research was to study the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium sp. isolates and to evaluate the efficacy of liquid production of those fungi against Leptocorisa oratorius (rice bug). Twelve isolates of B. bassiana and five isolates of Metarhizium sp. were ...

BACKGROUND Since plant extracts are increasingly used as phytotherapeutics or dietary supplements information on bioavailability, bioefficacy and safety are warranted. We elucidated the plasma kinetics of genuine extract components and metabolites after single and multiple ingestion of the standardized maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol (USP quality) by human volunteers. METHODS Eleven vol...

A study evaluated whether a coated (C) bacterially-derived, non-intrinsically thermostable, phytase product showed equivalent bioefficacy compared to the uncoated version of the same product (Phyzyme XP; 6-phytase, EC 3.1.3.26). Male Ross 308 chicks were assigned to three dietary treatments each with 6 cage replicates of 8 birds each The treatments were: Control (NC), NC + 500 U/kg phytase and ...

BACKGROUND The bioavailability of dietary folate has been estimated to be approximately 50% of that of synthetic folic acid. Folate in the diet is linked to a polyglutamate chain that may restrict folate absorption. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to quantify the bioavailability and bioefficacy of low doses of polyglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid. DESIGN In total, 180 ...

In India, Ayurveda has made a major contribution to the drug discovery process with new means of identifying active compounds. Recent advancement in bioavailability enhancement of drugs by compounds of herbal origin has produced a revolutionary shift in the way of therapeutics. Thus, bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and peer-reviewed papers, consulti...

Three chick experiments were conducted to investigate possible explanations for why pork liver provides no bioavailable Cu to chicks. Autoclaving, acid-hydrolysis, and protease-digestion increased (P < .01) Cu bioavailability in pork liver to 32, 46, and 63%, respectively, from virtually 0% of the Cu in unprocessed pork liver (relative to CuSO4, which was set at 100%). Addition of EDTA at 200 m...

The aim of this study was to develop optimized sucrose ester (SE) stabilized oleanolic acid (OA) nanosuspensions (NS) for enhanced delivery via wet ball milling by design of experiments (DOE). In this study, SEOA NS batches were prepared by wet ball milling method. Mean particle sizes and polydispersity indices were determined using a nanosizer. The percent encapsulation efficiency, saturation ...

Site-directed pharmacodelivery is a desirable but elusive goal. Endothelium and epithelium create formidable barriers to endogenous molecules as well as targeted therapies in vivo. Caveolae provide a possible, yet unproven, transcellular pathway to overcome such barriers. By using an antibody- and subfractionation-based strategy, we generated a monoclonal antibody specific for lung caveolae (TX...

Apart from the air we breathe, food is the only physical matter we take into our body during our life. Nutrition exhibits therefore the most important life-long environmental impact on human health. Food components interact with our body at system, organ, cellular, and molecular levels. These dietary components come in complex mixtures, in which not only the presence and concentrations of a sin...