Biodegradation of distillery wastewater is dependent on initial pH. In this present research, the effect of initial pH from 5.0 to 6.5 on biodegradation of distillery wastewater using anaerobic mixed consortia by batch process was investigated. The parameters like chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), final pH, total phenol content, total protein ...

Conventional landfills are built to dispose of the increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated each year. A relatively new type of landfill, called a bioreactor landfill, is designed to optimize the biodegradation of the contained waste to stabilized products. Landfills with stabilized waste pose little threat to the environment from ozone depleting gases and groundwater contamin...

The structure of the hydrophobe in alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE) has a significant influence on the biodegradation pathways and biodegradation rates of these nonionic surfactants in bacterial inocula present in waste treatment plants. APE undergo initial microbial attack at the terminal part of the polyoxyethylene (POE) chain followed by a shortening of the POE chai...

Rates of biodegradation of sorbed chemicals are usually lower in soil than in aqueous systems, in part because sorption reduces the availability of the chemical to microorganisms. Biodegradation, sorption, and diffusion occur simultaneously and are tightly coupled. In soil, the rate of biodegradation is a function of a chemical's diffusion coefficient, sorption partition coefficient, the distan...

The effect of biodegradation on the consolidation characteristics of an anaerobically digested, dewatered municipal sewage sludge was studied. Maintained-load oedometer consolidation tests that included measurement of the pore fluid pressure response were conducted on moderately degraded sludge material and saturated bulk samples that had been stored under static conditions and allowed to anaer...

The biological air treatment method is based on the biological destruction of organic compounds using certain cultures of microorganisms. This method is simple and may be applied in many branches of industry. The main element of biological air treatment devices is a filter charge. Tests were carried out using a new-generation laboratory air purifier with a plate structure. This purifier is call...

2,4-Toluene diamine (TDA), a class A carcinogen, is a major raw material for the production of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which is one of the precursors for the production of polyurethane foams (PU). This review deals with 2,4-toluene diamine's (TDA) carcinogenicity, analytical techniques, biodegradation and use as a biosensor for biogenic and synthetic amines, emphasizing various carcinogenic...

Aerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol monopropoxyethoxylates was investigated in two tests with different inocula-sewage sludge and river water. Both primary biodegradation and formation of different biodegradation intermediates were studied. Primary biodegradation of nonylphenol monopropoxyethoxylates was relatively fast and complete with the sewage sludge as the inoculum. On the othe...

Pure iron has been demonstrated as a potential candidate for biodegradable metal stents due to its appropriate biocompatibility, suitable mechanical properties and uniform biodegradation behavior. The competing parameters that control the safety and the performance of BMS include proper strength-ductility combination, biocompatibility along with matching rate of corrosion with healing rate of a...

Based on a two-step laboratory test including biodegradation and adsorption, it is possible to derive a prognosis of the behaviour of organic compounds during riverbank filtration and to prioritise the substances with regard to drinking water quality. It is shown for aromatic amines, used as an example of organics found in River Elbe water, Germany, how the simulation methods provide basic info...