The competition for access to space that arises between macromolecules is the basis of the macromolecular crowding phenomenon, known to modulate biochemical reactions in subtle ways. Crowding is a highly conserved physiological condition in and around cells in metazoans, and originates from a mixture of heterogeneous biomolecules. Here, using collagen fibrillogenesis as an experimental test pla...

In addition to differences in the pharmacodynamic response in the infant, the dose and the pharmacokinetic processes acting upon that dose principally determine the efficacy and/or safety of a therapeutic or inadvertent exposure. At a given dose, significant differences in therapeutic efficacy and toxicant susceptibility exist between the newborn and adult. Immature pharmacokinetic processes in...

Synthetic biology aims at rationally implementing biological systems from scratch. Given the complexity of living systems and our current lack of understanding of many aspects of living cells, this is a major undertaking. The design of in vitro systems can be considerably easier, because they can consist of fewer constituents, are quasi time invariant, their parameter space can be better access...

Biocatalysis can be broadly defined as the use of biological molecules (usually enzymes) to catalyse specific chemical reactions. Enzymes are complex protein molecules. They are produced by living organisms to catalyse the biochemical reactions required for life. Although enzymes are formed within living cells, they can continue to function in vitro (in the test-tube) and their ability to perfo...

There are lots of works gone into proteins to understand the nature of proteins. Hydrophobic interaction is the dominant force that drives the proteins to carry out the biochemical reactions in all living system. Carbon is the only element that contributes towards this hydrophobic interaction. Studies find that globular proteins prefer to have 31.45% of carbon for its stability. Taking this as ...

The famous Biochemical Pathways wall chart has been converted into a reaction database. The web based retrieval system C@ROL has been interfaced to this BioPath database providing a wide variety of search methods for chemical structures, enzymes, and reactions that can allow one to explore the endogenous metabolism of different species. The database has been made accessible on the internet at: ...

All biotyped strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were compared for morphology and biochemical reactions. Biotypes of all gravis strains and most mitis strains were confirmed, but intermedius strains were found to be misclassified. New lipid-dependent intermedius strains have been deposited with the ATCC.

PURPOSE Experimental evidence suggests that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors may suppress tumor growth, postpone metastasis and prolong survival, but clinical data are lacking. We studied the effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was comprised of 4,752 consecutive patients wit...

Marine calanoid copepods colonize new habitats, and some become invasive. Their fitness, measured by intrinsic growth rate and net reproductive rate, is partially driven by biochemical processes. Thus, it is a function of ambient temperature. Biochemical processes may not be approximated well by yearly mean temperature alone when temperature cycles yearly, largely. Higher order moments may also...