in this research, 514 soil samples and dead larvae were collected from khorassan, lorestan, tehran, ghazvin, east azarbaijan, west azarbaijan, mazandaran and hamedan provinces. b. thuringiensis was isolated from the samples using a heat-acetate method and the isolates were identified and classified using biochemical tests. the frequency of b. thuringiensis in soils with different plant communit...

Living systems rely on complex networks of chemical reactions to control the concentrations of molecules in space and time. Despite the enormous complexity in biological networks, it is possible to identify network motifs that lead to functional outputs such as bistability or oscillations. One of the greatest challenges in chemistry is the creation of such functionality from chemical reactions....

In many stochastic simulations of biochemical reaction networks, it is desirable to "coarse grain" the reaction set, removing fast reactions while retaining the correct system dynamics. Various coarse-graining methods have been proposed, but it remains unclear which methods are reliable and which reactions can safely be eliminated. We address these issues for a model gene regulatory network tha...

The determination of reaction pathways is one of the most important functions that should be performed in exploring the kinetics of catalyzed chemical reactions or biochemical reactions, the latter being generally catalyzed by enzymes. It is proven that the terms, "type-I extreme pathway" and "structurally minimal pathway", both introduced to characterize the kinetics of a catalyzed reaction ar...

This paper reports the first example of the use of an enzymatic reaction to generate a photoresponsive hydrogelator, which represents a convenient route to expand the scope of optically controlled molecular self-assembly in water.

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to examine pathways to imprisonment for women in Pakistan. It was hypothesized that early life victimization in women, problematic family relationship and economical deprivation would be significantly associated with criminal activities of women prisoners. METHOD To identify the pathways to prison, structured interview was devised by the researchers. Sample ...

) Time-Scaled Stochastic Input to Biochemical Reaction Networks by Rachel L. Thomas Department of Mathematics Duke University

Mechanotransduction is often described in the context of force-induced changes in molecular conformation, but molecular-scale mechanical stimuli arise in vivo in the context of complex, multicellular tissue structures. For this reason, we highlight and review experimental methods for investigating mechanotransduction across multiple length scales. We begin by discussing techniques that probe th...

The next advance in field crop productivity will likely need to come from improving crop use efficiency of resources (e.g., light, water, and nitrogen), aspects of which are closely linked with overall crop photosynthetic efficiency. Progress in genetic manipulation of photosynthesis is confounded by uncertainties of consequences at crop level because of difficulties connecting across scales. C...

rice bran (rb) is a major by-product, produced from the rice milling process. this study was conducted to evaluate the performance, egg quality, and blood biochemical parameters of 288 hy-line laying hens fed diets with rice bran and commercial microbial phytase natuphos®5000. the experiment was a 4×2 factorial one with four rb levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%) by two phytase levels (0 and 5000 ftu/kg...