one of the most controversial and unresolved questions in bilingual first language acquisition (henceforth bfla) is whether bilingual children develop one mixed or two independent linguistic systems. many scholars in the lield of bfla arc in tavor of the one-system hypothesis (leopold 1970; swain and wesche, 1975; volterra and tacschner, j 987; grosjean, 1982; tacschncr, 1983: mclaughlin, 1984:...

We introduce TRAAM, or Transduction RAAM, a fully bilingual generalization of Pollack’s (1990) monolingual Recursive Auto-Associative Memory neural network model, in which each distributed vector represents a bilingual constituent—i.e., an instance of a transduction rule, which specifies a relation between two monolingual constituents and how their subconstituents should be permuted. Bilingual ...

This paper proposes a method using the existing Rule-based Machine Translation (RBMT) system as a black box to produce synthetic bilingual corpus, which will be used as training data for the Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) system. We use the existing RBMT system to translate the monolingual corpus into synthetic bilingual corpus. With the synthetic bilingual corpus, we can build an SMT sy...

Is the developing bilingual brain fundamentally similar to the monolingual brain (e.g., neural resources supporting language and cognition)? Or, does early-life bilingual language experience change the brain? If so, how does age of first bilingual exposure impact neural activation for language? We compared how typically-developing bilingual and monolingual children (ages 7-10) and adults recrui...

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was (a) to describe factors and trends associated with Spanish parents’ choice of communication modality and spoken language bilingualism for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and (b) to identify if bilingual variables predict children’s bilingual status in a country where bilingualism is common. METHOD Seventy-one Spanish parents of child...

cognitive aspects of bilingualism have been recently studied by manyresearchers and lots of them have reported bilingual advantage overmonolinguals in some aspects of cognition. given the multitude of bilinguals iniran, further and deeper studies of various aspects of this phenomenon seem torequire. in order to study bilingualism in iran from a cognitive point of view,the present study examines...

PURPOSE The authors examined the effects of conceptual scoring on the performance of simultaneous and sequential bilinguals on standardized receptive and expressive vocabulary measures in English and Spanish. METHOD Participants included 40 English-speaking monolingual children, 39 simultaneous Spanish-English bilingual children, and 19 sequential bilingual children, ages 5-7. The children co...

PURPOSE To compare the performance of phonological awareness skills in bilingual and monolingual students of both genders. METHODS This research presents an observational, cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with 17 students from the 3rd grade, aged between seven years and 8 years and 11 months, with similar socioeconomic level, from two private schools, being one a monolingual school...