Environments shape the traits of organisms. Environmental variation may rarely alter selection on only a few traits, but instead precipitate wholesale changes of the multidimensional selective regime-many traits might experience divergent selection across divergent environments. Such changes in selection can elicit multifarious evolution. How predictable (from theory) and how parallel (consiste...

The likelihood of birth defects in orofacial tissues is high due to the structural and developmental complexity of the face and the susceptibility to intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations. Skeletal malocclusion is caused by the distortion of the proper mandibular and/or maxillary growth during fetal development. Patients with skeletal malocclusion may suffer from dental deformities, bruxism, te...

Data collected from an annual groundf ish survey of the eastern Bering Sea shelf from 1975 to 2002 were used to estimate biomass and biodiversity indexes for two fish guilds: f latfish and roundfish. Biomass estimates indicated that several species of f latfish (particularly rock sole, arrowtooth f lounder, and f lathead sole), several large sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.), bigmouth (Hemitripteru...

Populations experiencing consistent differences in predation risk and resource availability are expected to follow divergent evolutionary trajectories. For example, live-history theory makes specific predictions for how predation should drive life-history evolution, and according to the Trexler-DeAngelis model for the evolution of matrotrophy, postfertilization maternal provisioning is most lik...

Otolith microchemistry was applied to quantify migratory variation and the proportion of native Caribbean stream fishes that undergo full or partial marine migration. Strontium and barium water chemistry in four Puerto Rico, U.S.A., rivers was clearly related to a salinity gradient; however, variation in water barium, and thus fish otoliths, was also dependent on river basin. Strontium was the ...

First posted August 11, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterU.S. Geological Survey2630 Fanta Reed RoadLa Crosse, Wisconsin 54603Contact Pubs Warehouse Invasive carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis [Richardson, 1845; Bighead Carp], H. molitrix [Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844; Silver Ctenopharyngodon idella Grass Mylopharyngodo...

Some reproduction aspects of the "doctor fish", Cyprinion macrostomum, were examined for the first time from the Tigris River drainage. A total of 316 specimens were caught from Gamasiab River in western Iran, at monthly intervals throughout the year from January to December 2013. Age, sex ratio, fecundity, oocytes diameter, gonado‑somatic (GSI), modified gonado‑somatic (MGSI) and Dobriyal (DI)...