Based on the epidemiological association between residential exposure to extremely low frequency-magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and childhood leukaemia, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified ELF-MF as a possible human carcinogen. Since clear supportive laboratory evidence is lacking and biophysical plausibility of carcinogenicity of MFs is questioned, a causal relationship betwee...

BACKGROUND Observational epidemiology has been instrumental in identifying modifiable causes of common diseases, and, in turn, substantially impacting public health. Spurious associations in observational epidemiologic studies are most commonly caused by confounding due to social, behavioral, or environmental factors and can therefore be difficult to control. They may also be due to reverse cau...

BACKGROUND Interviewer-administered surveys are an important method of collecting population-level epidemiological data, but suffer from declining response rates and increasing costs. Web surveys offer more rapid data collection and lower costs. There are concerns, however, about data quality from web surveys. Previous research has largely focused on selection biases, and few have explored meas...

BACKGROUND Several thousand human genome epidemiology association studies are published every year investigating the relationship between common genetic variants and diverse phenotypes. Transparent reporting of study methods and results allows readers to better assess the validity of study findings. Here, we document reporting practices of human genome epidemiology studies. METHODS Articles w...

Probably every major text on epidemiology offers at least some discussion of recall bias in retrospective research. A potential for recall bias exists whenever historical self-report information is elicited from respondents. Thus-, the potential for its occurrence is greatest in case-control studies or cross-sectional studies which include retrospective components. Recall bias is said to occur ...

Mortality displacement is the concept that deaths are moved forward in time (e.g., a few days, several months, and years) by exposure from when they would occur without exposure, which common environmental time-series studies. Using concepts of frail population loss life expectancy, it understood mortality may decrease rate ratio (RR). Such decreases thought to be minimal or substantial dependi...