Аннотация: В статье анализируются социально-экономические последствия развития дропшиппинга – новой формы организации продаж, стремительно завоевывающей российский рынок. Дропшиппинг открывает огромные перспективы не только для простых людей, но и для российских производителей, которые при правильном использовании возможностей дропшиппинга могут с минимальными затратами получить прямой доступ к...

This research explores the cause variables, which affect employee involvement via diverse orientations. That is to say, it studies the relationship and effect of individual characteristic of personality traits, organizational climate of perspective of Chinese society relationship orientation, and internal marketing upon employee involvement. The population is based upon five companies from the ...

Over 90% of the world trade is carried by the international shipping industry. As most of the countries are developing, seaborne trade continues to expand to bring benefits for consumers across the world. Studies show that world trade will increase 70-80% through shipping in the next 15-20 years. Present global fleet of 70000 commercial ships consumes approximately 200 million tonnes of diesel ...

When we consider a compound such as steamship, we have two types of information that can be used to find out the meaning. On one hand, we have the meaning of the components, steam and ship. These components are words, which makes it relatively easy to determine what their meaning is in other contexts. On the other hand, we have the relation between the two components. This relation is not overt...

Most shippers go through an annual auction process of procuring transportation services, leading to an annual contract. This paper argues that the use of combinatorial auctions in this procurement can unlock significant reductions in operating costs for shippers, while protecting carriers from “winning” the lanes that do not fit their network, thus improving carriers’ operations as well. Combin...

We study collaborative shipping where two shippers bundle their shipments to share the same transportation vehicle (also known as co-loading). The goal of such a collaboration is to reduce the total number of transports, thereby reducing transportation costs and GHG emissions. To synchronize the replenishment of both companies, we adopt a can-order joint replenishment policy for both companies,...

International container shipping industry experiences important innovation after the 1980s. This is caused by the progress of Asian shipping to stay abreast of the economic development and the authorization of the revised US Shipping Act in 1984. Before the act, container shipping industry is exempt from antitrust law. The act is intended to loosen regulation and promote competition. Consequent...

Usage of the new and alternative clean fuel is becoming a hot topic in marine transportation in accordance with environmental regulations of I.M.O. Using L.N.G as the ship fuel is a reliable and long term solution for environmental issues. Iran owing to its large number of natural gas fields and unique geographical position, has adequate potential to provide services to shipping fleets. Finding...

The role of ships is very important for the world economy as a means transporting goods both between countries and islands. selection ship routes crucial in efforts to optimize fuel costs. Application optimization, Genetic Algorithm Ant Colony solve Asymetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP) model with minimum cost objective function. This study aims determine shipping initial/final destinatio...