The functions of rewards are based primarily on their effects on behavior and are less directly governed by the physics and chemistry of input events as in sensory systems. Therefore, the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying reward functions requires behavioral theories that can conceptualize the different effects of rewards on behavior. The scientific investigation of behavioral proce...

Behavioral theories can guide clinicians in developing the best strategies for promoting a therapeutic nutritional change. Commonly utilized behavioral models in nutrition interventions in geriatric populations include the Ecological Perspective, the Health Belief Model, the Stages of Change Model, the Theory of Meaningful Learning, the Information Processing Model, and Social Cognitive Theory....

Behavioral economics uses evidence from psychology and other social sciences to create a precise and fruitful alternative to traditional economic theories, which are based on optimization. Behavioral economics may interest some biologists, as it shifts the basis for theories of economic choice away from logical calculation and maximization and toward biologically plausible mechanisms.

Assessing the predictive ability of behavioral finance theories using out-of-sample data is important. The potentially boundless set of psychological biases underlying the behavioral explanations for observed security price behavior risk over-fitting theory to data. We test pricing effects attributed to a central psychological bias, representativeness, which underlies many behavioral-finance th...