the paper, first, reviews the development of social welfare issue and then investigates how primary welfare policy and social insurance has been formulated and accepted in europe. it is argued that social events which caused by industrialization and urbanization led to formation of social welfare and welfare state. eleven resources, in iran, have been known as welfare approaches and produced sp...

Abstract This chapter lays the foundation for an understanding of Napoleonic governance in Netherlands and Northwest Germany. Dutch German lands were governed many different ways early modern age. During eighteenth century attempts at reform made both areas, with varying results. The French Revolution was admired feared, especially as it became clear that ‘liberation’ Europe entailed aggressive...

This study aims to present an overview of the implications automation and digitalization, on employment sector its relation labor law in era industrial revolution 4.0. research method uses normative juridical, legal methods secondary data using literature studies. The results show that 4.0 gave rise contemporary issues employment, protection for workers, role law. However, is not a vacuum scien...

In Iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during Pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. Historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in Iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. This es...