We demonstrate two-dimensional control of coherent modes of surface plasmons (SP) in a metallic array of subwavelength apertures. SP mode intensity and propagation direction is manipulated by varying the wavelength, incidence angle, and polarization of the excitation photons. We also demonstrate directional beaming of light from this device. Finite-difference-time-domain simulations of the SP m...

The emission processes responsible for the observed X-rays from radio jets are commonly believed to be non-thermal, but in any particular case, it is unclear if synchrotron emission or one or more varieties of inverse Compton emission predominates. We present a formulation of inverse Compton emission from a relativistically moving jet (“IC/beaming”) which relies on radio emitting synchrotron so...

We study the pulse morphologies and pulse amplitudes of thermally emitting neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic fields. The beaming of the radiation emerging from a magnetar was recently shown to be predominantly non-radial, with a small pencil and a broad fan component. We show that the combination of this radiation pattern with the effects of strong lensing in the gravitational field of th...

PURPOSE We sought to evaluate the feasibility of detecting PIK3CA mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from plasma of patients with metastatic breast cancer using a novel technique called BEAMing. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a retrospective analysis, 49 tumor and temporally matched plasma samples from patients with breast cancer were screened for PIK3CA mutations by BEAMing. We then prospect...

If gamma ray bursts are highly collimated, radiating into only a small fraction of the sky, the energy requirements of each event may be reduced by several (∼ 4–6) orders of magnitude, and the event rate increased correspondingly. Extreme conditions in gamma ray bursters lead to highly relativistic motions (bulk Lorentz factors Γ ∼> 100). This results in strong forward beaming of the emitted ra...

We report on the experimental observation of the beaming effect in photonic crystals using experimentally mapped spatial field distributions of energy emitted from a subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide into free-space, rendering with crisp clarity the diffractionless beaming of energy. Our experimental data agree well with our numerical studies of the beaming enhancement in photonic crysta...

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are widely believed to be highly collimated explosions (bipolar conical outflows with half-opening angle θ ≈ 1◦–10◦). As a result of this beaming factor, the true energy release from a GRB is usually several orders of magnitude smaller than the observed isotropic value. Measuring this opening angle, typically inferred from an achromatic steepening in the af...

We derive a relation between the observed polarization and beaming factor (Doppler factor) and compare this relation with the observed data for BL Lac objects. Our results indicate that the high optical polarization is correlated to the beaming effect and the difference in polarizations between Xray selected (XBLs) and radio selected (RBLs) BL Lac objects is due to the difference in their beami...

The paradigm for AGN unification is reviewed, in terms of its optical manifestation as obscuration in the equatorial plane and its radio manifestation as relativistic beaming of the jet emission. Within this paradigm, observed AGN properties depend strongly on orientation angle. The predictions of unification are commensurate with the local numbers of AGN of various types. The outstanding quest...