The cost-effectiveness of four production systems of a short-straw form of winter triticale (cv. Alekto) with different levels of nitrogen fertilization and fungicide treatment was determined. Based on the current prices of means of production, the total cost of winter triticale production was estimated at PLN 2200-2600, and direct costs accounted for 60-65% of total costs. Regardless of the ap...

Under conditions of pronounced dynamic climate change, the scope phenological data is constantly expanding and increasingly extends beyond local regions. For international integration research, a standardized description stages plant development their identical coding used – BBCH scale (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie). Phenophases seasonal development, accord...

Accurate determination of crop phenology information is essential for effective field management and decision-making processes. Remote sensing time series analyses are widely employed to extract the phenological stages. Each crop’s stage has its unique characteristic on plant, while satellite-derived refers some key transition dates in satellite observations. Current techniques primarily estima...