The influence of residual black liquor in pulp on wastewater pollution after the bleaching process was studied. The results show that the CODCr in bleaching effluent has a remarkable linearity with bleaching loss of pulps without residual black liquor. For pulps with some residual black liquor, more than 34% of the overall CODCr is produced by the residual black liquor. It follows that more eff...

BACKGROUND Hot water hydrolysis process is commercially applied for treating wood chips prior to pulping or wood pellet production, while it produces hydrolysis liquor as a by-product. Since the hydrolysis liquor is dilute, the production of value-added materials from it would be challenging. RESULTS In this study, acidification was proposed as a viable method to extract (1) furfural and acet...

Extraction of gallium and indium from zinc refinery residue (ZRR) has continued to attract attention because different mineralogy residues occurrences trace elements in ZRR. About 90% is currently extracted Bayer liquor, whereas, ZRR been a primary source for recovery. The production USA zero. However, are promising resource the extraction critical metals such as gallium, germanium indium. majo...

in present investigation the biological leaching of aluminum by isolated fungi from red mud, the main waste product of the alkaline extraction of al from bauxite was studied. biological leaching experiments were carried out using indigenous, date and orange specimen fungi, aspergillus niger, penicillium simplicissimum notatum. savored dextrose chloramphenicol agar (sda) was used as medium for t...

Reductive leaching in the Bayer cycle using iron (2+) allows for Al extraction to be significantly increased through magnetization of Al-goethite and Al-hematite. However, use expensive salts or powder as a source leads significant increase production costs. In this work, feasibility new method, reductive bauxite an electrolysis process, was investigated. The reduction minerals boehmitic both s...

Alkali treated Citrus limetta peels were used for recovery of Ga(III) from its aqueous solution. The raw and alkali treated peels were characterized for functional groups. The efficiency of adsorption increased from 47.62 mg/g for raw peels to 83.33 mg/g for alkali treated peels. Between pH 1 and 3, the adsorption increased and thereafter decreased drastically. The adsorption followed pseudosec...

gasification (BBLG). One particularly harsh application is linings for gasifiers used in the treatment of black liquor (BL). Black liquor is a water solution of the non-cellulose portion of the wood (mainly lignin) and the spent pulping chemicals (Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Na2S). Development of new refractory materials for the black liquor gasification (BLG) application is a critical issue for imp...