Farmers in the Indus Basin, Pakistan have generally switched to groundwater for additional water supplies due to the irregular supply of irrigation water; currently over 50% of the agricultural land in the basin is at least partially irrigated by tubewells. These wells pump fresh groundwater, which essentially is the result of massive leakage from irrigation canals into the originally saltwater...

SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES Modeling objectives are: (1) to produce a new generation of basin-scale ocean circulation models based on the spectral nite element technique; (2) to compare the performance of the resulting nite element model with that of more traditional ocean circulation models; (3) to couple the resulting basin-scale model to sub-basin-scale models for (e.g.) the coastal boun...

since direct experimental evidence is not available, this must be verified through a modeling approach, providedadequate data be available. many statistical methods are used to study the relation between independent anddependent variables.this research was carried out at the western part of jazmurian basin tlocated in the southeast ofiran. in this paperused ten physical characteristics such as ...

It is well understood that the limitations of hydrological measurement techniques warrants for modeling of hydrological processes in a basin. However, most hydrologic systems are extremely complex and modeling them with the available limited measurements is a difficult task. The basic purpose of a model is to simulate and predict the operation of the system that is unduly complex, and also to p...

This paper presents the application of a distributed-framework basin modeling system (DFBMS) in Taihu Basin, China. The concepts professional systems and integration/coupling have been summarized first three series papers. study builds hydrologic hydrodynamic model for which is lowland plain areas with numerous polder areas. Digital underlying surface area data agree survey results from water r...

A distributed-framework hydrologic modeling system (DF-HMS) is a primary and significant component of basin (DFBMS), which simulates the hydrological processes responses after rainfall at scale, especially for non-homogenous basins. The DFBMS consists 11 feature units (HFUs) involving vertical horizontal geographic areas in basin. Appropriate or hydraulic methods are adopted different HFUs to s...

since direct experimental evidence is not available, this must be verified through a modeling approach, providedadequate data be available. many statistical methods are used to study the relation between independent anddependent variables.this research was carried out at the western part of jazmurian basin tlocated in the southeast ofiran. in this paperused ten physical characteristics such as ...

Although hypersaline environments pose challenges to life because of the low water content (water activity), many such habitats appear to support eukaryotic microbes. This contribution presents brief reviews of our current knowledge on eukaryotes of water-column haloclines and brines from Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins (DHABs) of the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as shallow-water hypersaline m...