Hearing and balance disorders caused by the lossof inner ear hair cells isa.common problem encountered in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. The postembryc:mlc production of hair cells in cold·blooded vertebrates has been known for several decades, and recent studies in the avian inner ear after ototoxic drug and noise damage have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for both anatomic and func...

The 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections featured a strong and balanced program that showcased exciting research into cellular restrictions that defend the cell against viral infection as well as cellular cofactors that regulate central steps in viral replication. Immunopathogenesis presentations continued to reveal some surprises such as evidence for pathogenicity in na...

Spinal arthrodesis consists of a combination of a system of mechanical stabilisation of one or more vertebral segments with a biological substance that promotes osteoneogenesis, with aim of achieving the permanent fusion between areas more or less the same size of these segments. In spinal arthrodesis, the biological support par excellence is the autograft. However, obtaining this involves a hi...

Basic science continues to occupy a substantial portion of the program at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. At the 17th conference this year, presentations focused on advances in our understanding of cellular factors that regulate the interplay between the virus and the host cell and, in particular, cellular defenses such as tetherin (or BST-2) that antagonize viral r...

Background. Any innovation which facilitates the early detection of neoplastic changes in upper aerodigestive tract mucosa has potential to greatly improve survival and quality of life in persons prone to develop malignancies in this area. One technology that has shown great promise during initial investigations is fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy evaluates the physical and ...

Coding Guide Example: MOAA01 (Weekday) MO (Session type) AA (Session order) 01 Weekdays: SU (Sunday), MO (Monday), TU (Tuesday), WE (Wednesday), TH (Thursday), FR (Friday) Session types: oral abstract sessions AA (Track A), AB (Track B), AC (Track C), AD (Track D), AE (Track E), AX (Cross-Track), LBA (Late Breaker Track A), LBB (Late Breaker Track B), LBC (Late Breaker Track C), LBD (Late Break...

Oral cancer incidence rates rose dramatically during the twentieth century in the United States and Europe, especially among individuals under the age of 60 years. Although influenced by age, sex, and country of origin, incidence trends were most strongly affected by elevated risk among individuals born after approximately 1915. This cohort effect was indicative of strong behavioral influences ...

The menisci are semilunar discs of fibrocartilaginous tissue which play critical roles in knee joint biomechanics [1]. Despite, it has been described in the past as nearly useless with perhaps some minor roles on joint nutrition and stabilization [2]. These complex structures are primarily composed of an interlacing network of collagen fibers (predominantly type I collagen) interposed with cell...