background: laser-tissue interaction on low-level laser therapy (lllt) has widespread medical applications (e.g., improved wound healing). the tensile strength of radiated tissue by lllt is known to be increased mainly because of cross collagen bands developed after radiation. objective: in this work, we studied the instantaneous effect of radiation of polarized laser beam on the viscoelastic t...

Combined radiation and natural convection within the annular region of two infinitely long horizontal concentric cylinders are investigated numerically in this research. Radial and tangential radiation effects ate considered using Milne-Eddington approximation for a two-dimensional radiative transfer. The basic conservation equations are discretized with the finite volume method and SIMPLER alg...

One of the challenges of designing motors and alternators for use in nuclear powered space missions is accounting for the effects of radiation. Terrestrial reactor power plants use distance and shielding to minimize radiation damage but space missions must economize volume and mass. Past studies have shown that sufficiently high radiation levels can affect the magnetic response of hard and soft...

This article describes the effect of thermal radiation on the thin film nanofluid flow of a Williamson fluid over an unsteady stretching surface with variable fluid properties. The basic governing equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and concentration are incorporated. The effect of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation terms are included in the energy equation. The energy and concent...

This article reviews the current knowledge and understanding of the interstellar medium of our galaxy. The author first presents each of the three basic constituents—ordinary matter, cosmic rays, and magnetic fields—of the interstellar medium, with emphasis on their physical and chemical properties as inferred from a broad range of observations. The interaction of these interstellar constituent...

The past half century has seen an explosive growth of the discipline that is characterized by the deposition of localized high energy densities in solid matter, by means of energetic ions produced e.g. in particle accelerators. First the fundamentals of Ion-Solid Interaction are outlined. A brief overview is given about the basic energy transfer mechanisms and the consequences of ion impact int...

This lecture will aim to cover the fundamentals of the main analytical techniques exploiting the unique properties of synchrotron radiation (SR) sources. The basic principles of SR emission, as well as its properties, will be described. General processes involving interactions with X-ray matter will be briefly discussed and used to introduce the X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluoresce...