Heterogeneous catalysts are promising for the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel and have been studied intensively over the last decade. Unlike the homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from reaction mixture and reused for many times. They are environmentally benign and could be easily operated in continuous processes. This revie...

This article reviews the surface science of the heterogeneous olefin polymerization catalysts. The specific focus is on how to prepare and characterize stereochemically specific heterogeneous model catalysts for the Ziegler-Natta polymerization. Under clean, ultra-high vacuum conditions, low-energy electron irradiation during the chemical vapor deposition of model Ziegler-Natta catalysts can be...

mcm-41 is one of the groups of mesoporous materials that have wide applications as adsorbents, ion exchangers and catalyst supports. in this work spherical and rod-like mcm-41s were synthesized in homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction media, respectively. for synthesis of these materials the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctmabr) was used as template and tetraethylorthosil...

Biodiesel, produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with methanol, is a promising alternative diesel fuel. In this study, a series of strong base anion resins with different basicity, pore structure, degree of cross-linking, and particle size were investigated as heterogeneous catalysts for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. A trace amount of CH3ON...

The lack of stability is a challenge for most heterogeneous catalysts. During operations, the agglomeration of particles may block the active sites of the catalyst, which is believed to contribute to its instability. Recently, titanium oxide (TiO2) was introduced as an alternative support material for heterogeneous catalyst due to the effect of its high surface area stabilizing the catalysts in...

The epoxidation reaction using heterogeneous solid catalysts with H2O2 as oxidants are environmentally friendly routes to produce extensively useful epoxides which are traditionally obtained from capital-intensive or environmentally polluted processes. In this paper, various types of solid catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins with H2O2 as oxidants are reviewed. The efficient catalysts repor...

Heterogeneous catalysts are receiving more importance for the transesterification of triglycerides present in any oils or fats to produce biodiesel. They are reusable, environmentally benign, could give high quality of products, and more effective than acid catalysts and enzymes for biodiesel production. Recently, heterogeneous catalysts derived from both waste industrial and biological resourc...

An efficient method for the synthesis of heterogeneous gold catalysts has been developed. These catalysts were easily assembled from readily available silica materials and gold complexes. The heterogeneous catalysts exhibited superior reactivity in various reactions where protodeauration is the rate-limiting step. Dramatic enhancement in regio- and enantioselectivity was observed when compared ...