Barium sulfate is an inert material used as a radiographic contrast medium during upper gastrointestinal contrast studies for evaluation of patients with dysphagia. Oral barium aspiration is an uncommon but wellreported complication of this procedure. While barium aspiration of small amounts may not cause any symptoms, massive barium aspiration can be life-threatening, particularly in elderly p...

Background: A successful endodontic treatment is inseparable from the right choice of root canal dressing. The medicaments would result in patient satisfaction. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) are usually found failed treatments. Calcium hydroxide a gold standard dressing that creates an alkaline environment has bactericidal effect. Commercially,...

Introduction There are three factors which are used to control the amount or dose of radiation received from a source. The radiation exposure can be managed by a combination of these factors; • Time: reducing the time of an exposure leads to reduction of the effective doses proportionally. • Shielding: refers to a mass of absorbing material placed around a reactor or other radioactive source in...

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an emerging non-invasive technique for direct visualization and evaluation of the biliary and pancreatic duct [l-3]. Signals from the regional gastrointestinal tract may obscure the bile ducts and degrade the diagnostic efficacy of MRCP. A mixture of barium sulfate and gastric antacid has been proved as a low cost, well tolerated, and effect...

Reflux of barium sulfate preparations into the biliary tract is rare, but serious complications have been recorded. To consider the implications of such reflux through enterobiliary stents, the literature was reviewed. A case illustrating such an occurrence is presented. Based upon the limited literature available, barium suspension may be retained in particular circumstances and cause or contr...

BACKGROUND There have been results showing the influence of bolus viscosities and consistency on esophageal motility and transit. However, there is no description about the influence of two different viscous boluses on esophageal contractions, bolus transit and perception of transit. Our objective in this investigation was to evaluate the esophageal transit and contraction after swallows of two...