Islamic banks underlie the fundamental principles of the Shari’ah, which encompass all business activities, financial contracts, and transactions. The Shari’ah Supervisory Board (SSB) monitors and certifies compliancy and is unique to the governance structure of Islamic banks compared to their Western counterparts. This study addresses the question of how the compositional characteristics of th...

Banks may well perform differently in lending to firms according to their funding structure. This paper surveys the relation between Loan volatility and deposit in Iranian banking system. The extent to which bank lending is connected to funding structure is affected by the banks’ characteristics (such as capital structure, profitability, and the measure of non-performing loans). To analyze this...

Many financial products contain prepayment options. Loan contracts are often structured to provide the borrower with the option to prepay the loan at any time, or on specific dates, prior to the maturity date of the loan. These options are important aspects of these financial products. The most commonly encountered investment product with these feature is the mortgage backed security. Investmen...

This study investigates how the use of collateral affects incentives for borrowers and lenders and the resulting loan pricing relationship. With data from the UK Survey of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises 2008, a simultaneous equation approach reveals that high quality borrowers choose contracts with more collateral and lower interest rates, which suggests that collateral acts as an incentive...

Using the data of individual loan contracts extended by the Japan Finance Corporation for Small and Medium Enterprise (JASME), which is one of the predecessor institutions of the Japan Finance Corporation (JFC) that aimed at lending to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), we examine whether the JASME’s lending substituted for the reduced lending supply by private banks during the period of the ...

In this paper, we analyze whether the total debt ratios and bank loan ratios of Chinese listed companies had any impact on their fixed investment in 2001-2006, and whether this impact, if it existed, differed among companies with differing investment opportunities. Our results are as follows. First, our analysis reveals that the total debt ratio (bank loan ratio) did have a negative impact on f...

It is well known that conflicts of interests between borrowers and creditors can raise the cost of external financing. In this paper we provide new evidence that borrower-creditor conflicts of interests also affect the sensitivity of debt financing to aggregate business conditions. In the presence of incomplete contracts, creditors cannot fully observe or verify diversion of free cash flow by b...

We present a sequence of two-period models of incentive-based compensation in order to understand how the properties of optimal compensation structures vary with changes in the model environment. Each model corresponds to a different occupation within a bank, such as credit line managers, loan originators, or traders. All models share a common trait: the effects of hidden actions are persistent...