a letter of ali ibn- hussein (peace be upon him) to mohammad ibn- moslem known as ibn- shahab zohri has been mentioned in some resources. in this letter, zohri has been reproached by ali ibn-hussein for his cooperation with bani omayeh. this letter is usually cited as an evidence in analysis of imam sajjad's political and social positions. surveying the resources and numerous books shows t...

Among the brilliant contributors to the sciences of medicine, pharmacy, and chemstry during the Iranian era was one genius who seems to stand for his time- the Persian, Razi, (about 865-925 AD), called Rhazes by the western world. The most important authorship of Razi is the "contines" (Alhavi) that in fact, it is a medical encyclopedia and there is the describtion of all the illnesses, the way...

Among the brilliant contributors to the sciences of medicine, pharmacy, and chemstry during the Iranian era was one genius who seems to stand for his time- the Persian, Razi, (about 865-925 AD), called Rhazes by the western world. The most important authorship of Razi is the "contines" (Alhavi) that in fact, it is a medical encyclopedia and there is the describtion of all the illnesses, the way...

Lexical items play a key role in both language in general and translation in particular. Likewise, equivalence is a controversial concept discussed so widely in translation studies. Some theorists deem it to be fundamental in translation theory and define translation in terms of equivalence. The aim of this study is to identify the problems of lexical gaps in two translations of Nahj al-ba...

conceptual metaphor is the most prominent achievements in cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics. based on this theory, most of the parts of our vision system and mindset is naturally metaphorical, which structures our way of thinking and understanding. therefore, our understanding has strong relationship in all aspects, and since the ethical implications are naturally abstract, metaphor...

the letter of credit as a method of smoothing international payment is a conditional security and obligation to pay the customer bank (issuing bank) to seller (applicant). for this purpose, the letters of credit may be considered as the most usual method of payment of goods price in international trade. the classic form of letters of credit is the commercial letters of credit whose financial ob...

Şerîf er-Radî tarafından derlenen Hz. Ali’ye (r.a) nispet edilen Nehcü’l-Belâga, dil ve belagat çevrelerinde değeri bilindiği için değişik vesilelerle sık araştırma inceleme konusu yapılmış günümüz edebiyat hala güncelliğini korumaya devam etmektedir. “Belagat yolu” anlamına gelen “Nehcü’l-Belâga”ya Arap dilindeki söz sanatının inceliklerine vakıf olmak amacı ile modern çağ dahil dâhil üzere çe...

the leili and majnoon story is one of the most beautiful love stories which however of it arabic base, by unmatched power and magnificent expression helps of nezami, this topic become one of the famous romantic love at persian language. and is one of the best romantic songs models at the persian poets that have many imitators. from the vast number of imitators can be named nor addin abd orahman...