in the 90s, a remarkable number of manuscripts were found in northern afghanistan, including economic documents, legal documents, and letters, which have become an important resource for academic studies. this paper aims to investigate the bactrian pantheon as reflected in the economic documents of this collection. at first, these economic documents and the pantheon mentioned in them are introd...

BACKGROUND: The knowledge in blood constituents isimportant for assessing the physiological status and the health ofanimals. Only a limited number of two-humped camels (Camelusbactrianus) were reared in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran.OBJECTIVES:The present study was carried out to find out whetherthe sex and pregnancy affect thyroid hormones, lipid andlipoprotein profile, and selected bioc...

Because little is known about the ecology of influenza viruses in camels, 460 nasal swab specimens were collected from healthy (no overt illness) Bactrian camels in Mongolia during 2012. One specimen was positive for influenza A virus (A/camel/Mongolia/335/2012[H3N8]), which is phylogenetically related to equine influenza A(H3N8) viruses and probably represents natural horse-to-camel transmission.

The importation of alpacas and llamas from South America over the last 15 years has resulted in the concurrent introduction of the biting louse, Bovicola breviceps, into Australia.1,2 Alpacas are produced for their luxury fibre and infestation of lice may result in fleece price penalties. B breviceps is specific for camelids, which includes alpacas, llamas, vicunas, guanacos, dromedary and Bact...

Introduction        The inscription of Rabatak was found in 1993 near an ancient hill in the north part of Baghlan in Afghanistan. The village of Rabatak is situated at the kilometer forty in the north-western part of the ancient province of Sorkh-Kotal near the border between Baghlan and Samangan provinces. The Rabatak inscription includes 23 lines in Bactrian language and a Greco-Bactrian scr...

Gross anatomy of the fetlock joint of the seven male adult onehumped camels were studied. In present study, the tendinous middle interosseous muscle, interdigital intersesamoid and straight sesamoid ligaments were observed. However, there was no proximal interdigital ligament. In conclusion, we found that the gross anatomy of the ligaments in one-humped camel fetlock joint share remarkable simi...

paratuberculosis (john’s disease) is infectious and chronically progressive granulomatous disease which affects domestic and wild ruminants. the causative agent is mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), a slow growing mycobactin dependent acid-fast bacillus. we investigated the detection and frequency of map in apparently healthy dromedary and bactrian camels by insertion sequence 900 (is9...

bactrian was the language of bactria in northern afganistan. this language is considered as one of the eastern middle iranian languages which was used from the first to the ninth century. the remaining materials from this language include coins, seals, inscriptions and documents. in 1990s, many bactrian documents were found amongst which the letters were of most importance as they gave much mor...