background: current who best infection control practices for injections do not address the use of hub cutters due to insufficient evidence on safety and efficacy. objective: to assess the impact of the use of hub cutters on 1) the frequency of needle-stick injuries (nsis) and other blood exposures among workers and 2) the volume of sharps waste in a mass vaccination campaign setting. methods: d...

We consider a finite capacity queueing system with one main server who is supported by a backup server. We assume Markovian arrivals, phase type services, and a threshold-type server backup policy with two pre-determined lower and upper thresholds. A request for a backup server is made whenever the buffer size (number of customers in the queue) hits the upper threshold and the backup server is ...

In this paper, we show two process allocation schemes to tolerate multiple faults when the primary-backup replication method is used. The rst scheme, called multiple backup scheme, is running multiple backup processes for each process to tolerate multiple faults. The second scheme, called regenerative backup scheme, is running only one backup process for each process, but regenerates backup pro...

hub location problems are among the extensions ofclassical location problems that have numerous applications in designingtransportation, postal, and telecommunication networks. despite the evidentattention of researchers to these problems, there are few studies on designinghub networks under uncertainty and disruption. in this study, the capacitatedsingle allocation hub location problem under d...

In this paper, we show two process allocation schemes to tolerate multiple faults when the primary-backup replication method is used. The first scheme, called multiple backup scheme, is running multiple backup processes for each process to tolerate multiple faults. The second scheme, called regenerative backup scheme, is running only one backup process for each process, but re-generates backup ...

This paper describes two similar user-initiated methods to backup and restore PC workstations over an ethernet network. The first method concerns ‘‘PC Hardware All Alike,’’ or the backup and restoring of sets of identical disk images across many identical systems. The second method is the backup and restoring of ‘‘PC Hardware All Different,’’ which manages unique disk images on individual syste...

In a primary-backup system, transaction processing takes place at the primary and the log records generated are propagated to the backup which uses them to reconstruct a recent state of the database. If the primary fails, the backup takes over transaction processing without causing users to observe a breach in service. Existing approaches can be broadly classi ed as 2-safe or 1-safe based on wh...

Data backup in data center networks (DCNs) is critical to minimize the data loss under disaster. This paper considers the cost-efficient data backup for DCNs against a disaster with ε early warning time. Given geo-distributed DCNs and such a ε-time early warning disaster, we investigate the issue of how to back up the data in DCN nodes under risk to other safe DCN nodes within the ε early warni...

While NoSQL databases are gaining popularity for business applications, they pose unique challenges towards backup and recovery. Our solution, BARNS addresses these challenges, namely taking: a) cluster consistent backup and ensuring repair free restore, b) storage efficient backups, and c) topology oblivious backup and restore. Due to eventual consistency semantics of these databases, traditio...