Surface wave analysis is sometimes used in engineering investigations to obtain ground stiffness profiles by inversed modeling of dispersion velocities. Since dispersion data may be polarized due to material anisotropy, a thorough understanding of the dispersion property is necessary for the accurate reconstruction of inversion models. Based on the general constitutive relation of stress and st...

[1] Shear wave splitting is a robust tool to infer the direction and strength of seismic anisotropy in the lithosphere and underlying asthenosphere. Previous shear wave splitting studies in the Afar Depression and adjacent areas concluded that either Precambrian sutures or vertical magmatic dikes are mostly responsible for the observed anisotropy. Here we report results of a systematic analysis...

Detailed measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy (2̌) for identified charged particles are reported as a function of transverse momentum (pT ) and centrality for Au+Au collisions at √ sNN =200 GeV. The measurements indicate clear evidence for eccentricity and particle flavor scaling over a broad range of centralities and transverse rapidity yT , indicating a hydrodynamical origin of the fine st...

Reflectivity synthetic seismograms demonstrate that the type, layering and orientation of 1-D anisotropy influences strongly the coda of teleseismic P waves at periods T\1 sec, particularly P-SH converted waves. We assume the simplest form of anisotropy described by an elastic tensor with a symmetry axis ŵ of arbitrary orientation. The resulting phase velocities vary as cos 2j with respect to t...

Azimuthal anisotropy is common in layered basins with strong folding and fracturing effects. Traditional processing on individual azimuths usually yields images with inconsistent depths. In this paper, we propose to use an image obtained from one azimuth to constrain the image-space velocity analysis on other azimuths. This method directly tackles the differences in anisotropic parameters among...

S U M M A R Y Using a combination of long period seismic waveforms and SKS splitting measurements, we have developed a 3-D upper-mantle model (SAWum_NA2) of North America that includes isotropic shear velocity, with a lateral resolution of ∼250 km, as well as radial and azimuthal anisotropy, with a lateral resolution of ∼500 km. Combining these results, we infer several key features of lithosph...